For decades, the U.S. National Science Foundation's investments in biotechnology have accelerated scientific discovery and enabled the use of living things to create goods and services that benefit society.
Whether it's lifesaving vaccines or biodegradable plastics, advances built on the discovery, use and alteration of living things are growing the U.S. economy and transforming fields as diverse as medicine and manufacturing, agriculture and clean energy.
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Brought to you by NSF
NSF's decades of sustained investments have ensured the continual advance of the field of biotechnology. Pioneering work supported by NSF includes:
DNA analysis
NSF-funded researchers discovered a microbe whose heat-tolerant enzyme is the key to polymerase chain reaction (PCR): a foundational technology in medicine, biotechnology, forensics and basic research.
Visualizing living cells
NSF-funded researchers developed a molecular tool, using the enzyme responsible for firefly bioluminescence, that allows researchers to noninvasively study living cells and tissues.
Evolving new enzymes
NSF-supported research led to a Nobel Prize-winning technique, known as directed evolution, to create new enzymes that can catalyze chemical reactions and produce new cancer treatments, plant-based fuels, greener industrial chemicals and many other products.
Protein prediction and design
With NSF support, researchers have been able to predict the structure of proteins from their amino acid sequence and design entirely new proteins, leading to a Nobel Prize in chemistry.
Genome sequencing
With NSF funding, biologists sequenced the first plant genome (Arabidopsis thaliana), enabling the development of new crops with improved cold tolerance and yield.
Gene editing
NSF-funded research on the immune system in bacteria led to the development of a gene editing tool, CRISPR-Cas9, that has revolutionized biotechnology and earned its inventors the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
Tissue engineering
NSF-funded researchers have developed ways to grow cells on a scaffold, forming tissues that can replace damaged skin or bone.
Recombinant DNA and insulin
NSF supported a landmark research project that revolutionized insulin drugs and jump-started the U.S. biotechnology industry.
What we support
Fundamental research
We support research that increases understanding of biological principles and integrates that knowledge with engineering, computing, geology, mathematics and the physical and social sciences to push the frontiers of science and engineering.
Use-inspired research
We support the development of bio-based and bio-inspired materials, machines, robots and manufacturing technologies for scientific and societal benefit.
Research infrastructure
We support the development of computing and physical infrastructure necessary to generate fundamental knowledge and advance biotechnology and biomanufacturing.
Education and workforce development
We support the creation of a diverse workforce ready to develop and use the biotechnology breakthroughs of the future.
Partnerships to accelerate progress
We partner with other federal agencies, industry and nonprofits to share data, tools, expertise and other resources; strengthen workforce development; and translate research into products and services that benefit society.
Featured funding
America's Seed Fund (SBIR/STTR)
Supports startups and small businesses to translate research into products and services, including biological technologies and biomedical technologies, for the public good.
Cellular and Biochemical Engineering
Supports fundamental engineering research leading to the development of technology that advances biomanufacturing in the therapeutic cell, biochemical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.
Smart Health and Biomedical Research
Supports research that leverages advances in computing and information science, engineering, mathematics, statistics, behavioral and/or cognitive research to address pressing questions in the biomedical and public health communities.
