Science and Engineering State Profiles


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Data available for: 2022
U.S. total
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Characteristic (unit)
Value
Rank
Gross domestic product ($millions) 458,950 18 25,429,849
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Total R&D performance ($millions) NA - NA NA
Business R&D performance ($millions)
NA - NA NA
Higher education R&D performance ($millions) 1,691 20 97,681
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Earth sciences (%) 6- 4
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Engineering (%) 17- 16
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Environmental sciences (%) NA - NA NA
Life sciences (%) 39- 58
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Math and computer sciences (%) 3- 4
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Physical sciences (%) 11- 6
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Psychology (%) 1- 1
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Sciences, nec (%) 8- 1
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Social sciences (%) 6- 3
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Academic research space (thousands sq. ft.) NA - NA NA
Federal R&D obligations ($millions) 2,388 22 184,567
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State government R&D expenditures ($thousands) 7,946 45 2,661,050
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Agriculture ($thousands) 1,31125 127,522
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Energy ($thousands) 029 327,116
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Environment and natural resources ($thousands) 1,14042 541,673
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Health ($thousands) 3,51921 1,112,110
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Other ($thousands) 56133 261,758
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Transportation ($thousands) 1,41541 290,871
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SBIR awards 106 15 5,294
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Utility patents issued to state residents 2,555 17 141,929
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Population (thousands) 7,359 14 336,509
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Civilian labor force (thousands) 3,615 15 165,970
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Personal income per capita (dollars) 56,667 40 65,048 24
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S&E graduate students in institutions granting research-based graduate degrees 18,341 15 798,391
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Doctorate students 5,39118 297,223
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Masters students 12,95014 501,168
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S&E doctorate recipients 695 22 44,136
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Earth sciences (%) 5- 3
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Engineering (%) 31- 24
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Environmental sciences (%) NA - NA NA
Life sciences (%) 24- 31
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Math and computer sciences (%) 7- 10
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Physical sciences (%) 10- 12
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Psychology (%) 7- 9
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Social sciences (%) 16- 11
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S&E postdoctoral appointees in institutions granting research-based graduate degrees 703 22 62,750
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Employed S&E doctorate holders
NA - NA NA
Federal obligations for S&E R&D, by agency and performer, FY 2022 ($thousands)
All agencies 2,387,850 22 184,570,616
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All FFRDCs 82,933- 15,380,631
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Businesses 1,460,382- 49,006,641
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Federal intramural 135,318- 66,992,920
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Other nonprofits 104,472- 10,129,371
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State and local governments 11,270- 919,571
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Universities and colleges 593,475- 42,141,474
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Department of Agriculture 31,163 35 3,118,960
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All FFRDCs 0- 0
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Businesses 182- 35,669
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Federal intramural 22,508- 1,844,614
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Other nonprofits 19- 51,363
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State and local governments 166- 9,804
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Universities and colleges 8,289- 1,177,519
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Department of Commerce 4,303 33 2,007,771
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All FFRDCs 0- 19,845
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Businesses 320- 105,342
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Federal intramural 0- 1,420,699
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Other nonprofits 0- 32,712
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State and local governments 0- 2,400
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Universities and colleges 3,983- 426,775
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Department of Defense 1,536,478 15 67,132,737
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All FFRDCs 0- 3,022,240
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Businesses 1,391,975- 34,907,648
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Federal intramural 60,472- 22,873,778
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Other nonprofits 0- 1,692,226
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State and local governments 6,107- 25,630
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Universities and colleges 77,924- 4,611,218
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Department of Energy 25,393 35 13,693,751
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All FFRDCs 0- 8,705,607
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Businesses 10,082- 2,249,435
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Federal intramural 70- 1,007,045
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Other nonprofits 7- 169,865
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State and local governments 0- 35,496
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Universities and colleges 15,234- 1,526,302
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Department of Health and Human Services 390,181 24 73,666,661
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All FFRDCs 0- 719,159
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Businesses 27,206- 4,971,375
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Federal intramural 7,751- 34,589,487
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Other nonprofits 83,112- 6,726,787
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State and local governments 2,625- 558,172
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Universities and colleges 269,485- 26,101,681
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Department of Homeland Security 5,066 19 566,156
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All FFRDCs 0- 59,467
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Businesses 633- 247,799
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Federal intramural 0- 210,761
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Other nonprofits 0- 23,173
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State and local governments 0- 242
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Universities and colleges 4,433- 24,716
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Department of the Interior 34,351 8 933,047
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All FFRDCs 0- 49
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Businesses 11- 19,254
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Federal intramural 34,094- 832,687
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Other nonprofits 3- 6,323
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State and local governments 134- 10,354
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Universities and colleges 110- 64,382
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Department of Transportation 8,160 25 1,070,122
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All FFRDCs 0- 80,267
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Businesses 5,458- 404,438
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Federal intramural 0- 209,836
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Other nonprofits 0- 55,051
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State and local governments 2,238- 200,452
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Universities and colleges 463- 120,076
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Environmental Protection Agency 8 38 525,458
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All FFRDCs 0- 1,118
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Businesses 8- 193,789
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Federal intramural 0- 272,957
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Other nonprofits 0- 11,379
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State and local governments 0- 0
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Universities and colleges 0- 46,217
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration 106,572 15 11,596,466
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All FFRDCs 0- 2,340,349
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Businesses 19,243- 5,233,466
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Federal intramural 2,578- 1,704,926
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Other nonprofits 14,065- 253,687
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State and local governments 0- 6,587
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Universities and colleges 70,686- 2,057,445
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National Science Foundation 232,481 10 6,861,830
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All FFRDCs 82,933- 315,500
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Businesses 5,264- 481,806
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Federal intramural 0- 27,409
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Other nonprofits 6,370- 342,736
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State and local governments 0- 17,301
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Universities and colleges 137,914- 5,677,074
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- = no value possible; NA = not available.

FFRDCs = federally funded research and development centers; nec = not elsewhere classified; S&E = science and engineering; SBIR = small business innovation research.

NOTES: Rankings and totals are based on data for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Rankings are based on unrounded totals. Standard errors of estimates from sample surveys are not considered in developing rankings; differences may not be statistically significant due to sampling error. Data for employed S&E doctorate holders are from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) and include recipients of U.S. doctoral degrees only. The SDR is not conducted annually. State estimates for employed S&E doctorate holders may have large sampling errors because the SDR was not designed to provide estimates at the state level. The SDR data are classified by the state where the doctorate holder is employed, if known; otherwise, data are classified by the doctorate holder's residence. The original source of data on personal income per capita and gross domestic product for Puerto Rico is the Puerto Rico Planning Board, Program of Economic and Social Planning, Subprogram of Economic Analysis.

The U.S. total in a State Profile and its corresponding data source may not match in all cases. Differences are due to rounding, survey scope, or undistributed data. For example, source data may or may not include Puerto Rico. See Technical Notes associated with each survey.

Beginning with the November 2023 update, the U.S. value for personal income per capita is calculated as an average of the personal income per capita for each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico weighted by population. Previous updates used the U.S. value reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis and did not include Puerto Rico in the calculation for the U.S. total value for personal income per capita. As a result, the U.S. value for personal income per capita should not be directly compared between years.

The values for "Personal income per capita, 2012 (dollars)" were incorrectly reported as "Personal Income per capita, 2011 (dollars)" in the May 2014 update. They have been corrected to reflect the "Personal Income per capita, 2012 (dollars)" values reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

The Wyoming and U.S. values for "Federal obligations for S&E R&D, by agency and performer, 2019 ($thousands), Department of Agriculture, State and local governments" were incorrectly reported in the November 2021 update. They have been corrected to reflect the value reported by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics.

The Puerto Rico and U.S. values for "Federal obligations for S&E R&D, by agency and performer, 2019 ($thousands), Department of Transportation, All FFRDCs" were incorrectly reported in the November 2021 update. They have been corrected to reflect the value reported by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics.

The U.S. value for "Employed S&E doctorate holders, 2019" was reported in the November 2021 update using a basis that included the 50 United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, other US territories, and employed S&E doctorate holders employed by foreign employers. This value has been corrected to reflect the U.S. value including only the 50 United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico to be consistent with the calculation of the U.S. total across State Profiles. In addition, the spelling of doctorate has been corrected and footnotes have been added to indicate states where the coefficient of variation of the estimate is high.

In the July 2023 update, science, engineering, and health (SEH) was changed to S&E for the following categories: (1) SEH graduate students in institutions granting research-based graduate degrees, (2) SEH doctorate recipients, and (3) Employed SEH doctorate holders.

Some source data may have been updated since these profiles were created. See the source data for the most up-to-date information.

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Notes

The 2022 U.S. value of personal income per capita as reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis is $65,423. This value does not include the personal income per capita of Puerto Rico.