Science and Engineering State Profiles


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Data available for: 2022
U.S. total
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Characteristic (unit)
Value
Rank
Gross domestic product ($millions) 277,818 27 25,429,849
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Total R&D performance ($millions) NA - NA NA
Business R&D performance ($millions)
NA - NA NA
Higher education R&D performance ($millions) 1,431 23 97,681
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Earth sciences (%) 3- 4
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Engineering (%) 17- 16
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Environmental sciences (%) NA - NA NA
Life sciences (%) 60- 58
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Math and computer sciences (%) 7- 4
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Physical sciences (%) 4- 6
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Psychology (%) 2- 1
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Sciences, nec (%) 0- 1
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Social sciences (%) 1- 3
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Academic research space (thousands sq. ft.) NA - NA NA
Federal R&D obligations ($millions) 4,087 12 184,567
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State government R&D expenditures ($thousands) 88,220 6 2,661,050
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Agriculture ($thousands) 32731 127,522
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Energy ($thousands) 66819 327,116
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Environment and natural resources ($thousands) 70,1261 541,673
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Health ($thousands) 1,75124 1,112,110
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Other ($thousands) 11,6566 261,758
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Transportation ($thousands) 3,69226 290,871
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SBIR awards 122 12 5,294
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Utility patents issued to state residents 485 34 141,929
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Population (thousands) 5,074 24 336,509
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Civilian labor force (thousands) 2,286 24 165,970
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Personal income per capita (dollars) 50,637 49 65,048 24
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S&E graduate students in institutions granting research-based graduate degrees 11,445 21 798,391
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Doctorate students 3,93223 297,223
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Masters students 7,51320 501,168
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S&E doctorate recipients 510 27 44,136
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Earth sciences (%) 3- 3
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Engineering (%) 29- 24
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Environmental sciences (%) NA - NA NA
Life sciences (%) 31- 31
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Math and computer sciences (%) 9- 10
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Physical sciences (%) 11- 12
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Psychology (%) 12- 9
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Social sciences (%) 6- 11
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S&E postdoctoral appointees in institutions granting research-based graduate degrees 492 26 62,750
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Employed S&E doctorate holders
NA - NA NA
Federal obligations for S&E R&D, by agency and performer, FY 2022 ($thousands)
All agencies 4,086,585 12 184,570,616
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All FFRDCs 608- 15,380,631
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Businesses 1,509,290- 49,006,641
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Federal intramural 1,967,060- 66,992,920
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Other nonprofits 22,193- 10,129,371
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State and local governments 18,572- 919,571
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Universities and colleges 568,863- 42,141,474
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Department of Agriculture 57,226 19 3,118,960
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All FFRDCs 0- 0
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Businesses 175- 35,669
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Federal intramural 7,796- 1,844,614
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Other nonprofits 384- 51,363
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State and local governments 542- 9,804
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Universities and colleges 48,329- 1,177,519
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Department of Commerce 14,312 15 2,007,771
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All FFRDCs 0- 19,845
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Businesses 0- 105,342
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Federal intramural 3,050- 1,420,699
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Other nonprofits 250- 32,712
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State and local governments 238- 2,400
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Universities and colleges 10,774- 426,775
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Department of Defense 3,041,448 7 67,132,737
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All FFRDCs 608- 3,022,240
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Businesses 1,059,348- 34,907,648
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Federal intramural 1,937,219- 22,873,778
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Other nonprofits 1,666- 1,692,226
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State and local governments 237- 25,630
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Universities and colleges 42,370- 4,611,218
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Department of Energy 36,551 30 13,693,751
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All FFRDCs 0- 8,705,607
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Businesses 24,464- 2,249,435
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Federal intramural 0- 1,007,045
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Other nonprofits 95- 169,865
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State and local governments 0- 35,496
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Universities and colleges 11,992- 1,526,302
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Department of Health and Human Services 385,897 25 73,666,661
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All FFRDCs 0- 719,159
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Businesses 8,614- 4,971,375
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Federal intramural 169- 34,589,487
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Other nonprofits 13,544- 6,726,787
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State and local governments 8,396- 558,172
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Universities and colleges 355,174- 26,101,681
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Department of Homeland Security 8,583 15 566,156
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All FFRDCs 0- 59,467
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Businesses 413- 247,799
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Federal intramural 0- 210,761
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Other nonprofits 349- 23,173
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State and local governments 0- 242
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Universities and colleges 7,821- 24,716
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Department of the Interior 3,952 36 933,047
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All FFRDCs 0- 49
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Businesses 0- 19,254
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Federal intramural 3,031- 832,687
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Other nonprofits 0- 6,323
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State and local governments 199- 10,354
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Universities and colleges 722- 64,382
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Department of Transportation 14,342 16 1,070,122
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All FFRDCs 0- 80,267
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Businesses 4,139- 404,438
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Federal intramural 31- 209,836
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Other nonprofits 0- 55,051
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State and local governments 7,304- 200,452
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Universities and colleges 2,868- 120,076
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Environmental Protection Agency 114 35 525,458
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All FFRDCs 0- 1,118
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Businesses 87- 193,789
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Federal intramural 0- 272,957
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Other nonprofits 0- 11,379
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State and local governments 0- 0
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Universities and colleges 27- 46,217
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration 442,848 7 11,596,466
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All FFRDCs 0- 2,340,349
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Businesses 409,253- 5,233,466
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Federal intramural 2,434- 1,704,926
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Other nonprofits 0- 253,687
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State and local governments 250- 6,587
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Universities and colleges 30,911- 2,057,445
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National Science Foundation 57,121 27 6,861,830
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All FFRDCs 0- 315,500
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Businesses 768- 481,806
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Federal intramural 0- 27,409
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Other nonprofits 624- 342,736
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State and local governments 0- 17,301
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Universities and colleges 55,729- 5,677,074
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- = no value possible; NA = not available.

FFRDCs = federally funded research and development centers; nec = not elsewhere classified; S&E = science and engineering; SBIR = small business innovation research.

NOTES: Rankings and totals are based on data for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Rankings are based on unrounded totals. Standard errors of estimates from sample surveys are not considered in developing rankings; differences may not be statistically significant due to sampling error. Data for employed S&E doctorate holders are from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) and include recipients of U.S. doctoral degrees only. The SDR is not conducted annually. State estimates for employed S&E doctorate holders may have large sampling errors because the SDR was not designed to provide estimates at the state level. The SDR data are classified by the state where the doctorate holder is employed, if known; otherwise, data are classified by the doctorate holder's residence. The original source of data on personal income per capita and gross domestic product for Puerto Rico is the Puerto Rico Planning Board, Program of Economic and Social Planning, Subprogram of Economic Analysis.

The U.S. total in a State Profile and its corresponding data source may not match in all cases. Differences are due to rounding, survey scope, or undistributed data. For example, source data may or may not include Puerto Rico. See Technical Notes associated with each survey.

Beginning with the November 2023 update, the U.S. value for personal income per capita is calculated as an average of the personal income per capita for each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico weighted by population. Previous updates used the U.S. value reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis and did not include Puerto Rico in the calculation for the U.S. total value for personal income per capita. As a result, the U.S. value for personal income per capita should not be directly compared between years.

The values for "Personal income per capita, 2012 (dollars)" were incorrectly reported as "Personal Income per capita, 2011 (dollars)" in the May 2014 update. They have been corrected to reflect the "Personal Income per capita, 2012 (dollars)" values reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

The Wyoming and U.S. values for "Federal obligations for S&E R&D, by agency and performer, 2019 ($thousands), Department of Agriculture, State and local governments" were incorrectly reported in the November 2021 update. They have been corrected to reflect the value reported by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics.

The Puerto Rico and U.S. values for "Federal obligations for S&E R&D, by agency and performer, 2019 ($thousands), Department of Transportation, All FFRDCs" were incorrectly reported in the November 2021 update. They have been corrected to reflect the value reported by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics.

The U.S. value for "Employed S&E doctorate holders, 2019" was reported in the November 2021 update using a basis that included the 50 United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, other US territories, and employed S&E doctorate holders employed by foreign employers. This value has been corrected to reflect the U.S. value including only the 50 United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico to be consistent with the calculation of the U.S. total across State Profiles. In addition, the spelling of doctorate has been corrected and footnotes have been added to indicate states where the coefficient of variation of the estimate is high.

In the July 2023 update, science, engineering, and health (SEH) was changed to S&E for the following categories: (1) SEH graduate students in institutions granting research-based graduate degrees, (2) SEH doctorate recipients, and (3) Employed SEH doctorate holders.

Some source data may have been updated since these profiles were created. See the source data for the most up-to-date information.

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Notes

The 2022 U.S. value of personal income per capita as reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis is $65,423. This value does not include the personal income per capita of Puerto Rico.