Race and ethnicity
Participation in doctoral education by underrepresented minorities who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents is increasing. The number of doctorates awarded to blacks or African Americans increased by 32% from 2006 to 2016, and the number of Hispanic or Latino doctorate recipients increased by 67% over the same period. As a result, the proportion of doctorates earned by blacks or African Americans has risen slightly from 6% in 2006 to 7% in 2016, and the proportion awarded to Hispanics or Latinos has grown from 5% to 7%. The proportion of American Indian or Alaska Native doctorate recipients has been under 1% from 2006 to 2016.
Doctorates earned by underrepresented minority U.S. citizens and permanent residents: 2006–16
| Year | American Indian or Alaska Native | Black or African American | Hispanic or Latino |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 113 | 1,789 | 1,532 |
| 2007 | 140 | 1,891 | 1,655 |
| 2008 | 115 | 1,961 | 1,773 |
| 2009 | 132 | 2,168 | 1,880 |
| 2010 | 117 | 1,939 | 1,842 |
| 2011 | 127 | 1,899 | 1,989 |
| 2012 | 104 | 2,055 | 2,144 |
| 2013 | 119 | 2,172 | 2,135 |
| 2014 | 103 | 2,172 | 2,191 |
| 2015 | 131 | 2,275 | 2,450 |
| 2016 | 128 | 2,360 | 2,555 |
- NOTES: Excludes U.S. citizen and permanent resident respondents who did not report ethnicity or race. Hispanic may be any race.
- SOURCE: Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities 2016. Related detailed data: tables 19, 22, 23, 24.
