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Q&A: What happens when a volcano beneath a glacier erupts?

Researchers Jim Ciarrocca, Ben Edwards and Ellie Was study lava under Iceland's Gigjökull glacier.

Researchers Jim Ciarrocca, Ben Edwards and Ellie Was study lava under Iceland's Gigjökull glacier.

Credit: Dickinson College


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View of the Eyjafjallajökull crater. By 2012, ice had again covered the crater floor.

View of the Eyjafjallajökull crater. By 2012, ice had again covered the crater floor.

Credit: Ben Edwards


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The glacier is covered with volcanic ash, and steam rises as glacial meltwater meets lava flow.

The glacier is covered with volcanic ash, and steam rises as glacial meltwater meets lava flow.

Credit: Ben Edwards


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View looking down the volcano's flank; the lower part of the lava flow has a

View looking down the volcano's flank; the lower part of the lava flow has a "blocky" surface.

Credit: Ben Edwards


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An empty lagoon, where a glacial dam burst during the eruption, is at the glacier's lower end.

An empty lagoon, where a glacial dam burst during the eruption, is at the glacier's lower end.

Credit: Ben Edwards


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Two years after the eruption: A view upward showing the lower end of the lava flow and the glacier.

Two years after the eruption: A view upward showing the lower end of the lava flow and the glacier.

Credit: Ben Edwards


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