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Overview of the State of the U.S. S&E Enterprise in a Global Context

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Figure O-1

Bachelor's degree awards in S&E fields, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–14

Figure O-2

Internationally mobile students enrolled in tertiary education, by selected country: 2014

Figure O-3

Doctoral degree awards in S&E fields, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–14

Figure O-4

Estimated number of researchers, selected region or country: 2000–15

Figure O-5

Regional share of worldwide R&D expenditures: 2000 and 2015

Figure O-6

Gross domestic expenditures on R&D, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–15

Figure O-7

R&D intensity, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–15

Figure O-8

S&E articles, by selected region, country, or economy: 2003–16

Figure O-9

S&E publication output in the top 1% of cited publications, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–14

Figure O-10

USPTO patents granted, by selected region, country, or economy of inventor: 2000–16

Figure O-11

USPTO patents granted in selected broad technology categories: 2000 and 2016

Figure O-12

Patent activity index for selected technologies for the United States, EU, and Japan: 2014–16

Figure O-13

Patent activity index of selected technologies for South Korea, Taiwan, and China: 2014–16

Figure O-14

Exports of intellectual property (charges for their use), by selected region, country, or economy: 2008–16

Figure O-15

Early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected region, country, or economy: 2006–16

Figure O-16

Output of HT manufacturing industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16

Figure O-17

Output of MHT manufacturing industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16

Figure O-18

Output of commercial KI services industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16

Chapter 1. Elementary and Secondary Mathematics and Science Education

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Figure 1-1

Average NAEP mathematics scores of students in grades 4 and 8: 1990–2015

Figure 1-2

Average mathematics assessment test scores of children who were in kindergarten for the first time during the 2010–11 school year and in the third grade during the 2013–14 school year, by family income level

Figure 1-3

Average TIMSS mathematics scores of U.S. students in grades 4 and 8: 1995–2015

Figure 1-4

Average TIMSS science scores of U.S. students in grades 4 and 8: 1995–2015

Figure 1-5

Average mathematics and science literacy assessment scores of 15-year-old students in the United States: 2003–15

Figure 1-6

Percentage distribution of high school students taking an AP exam in mathematics or science, by sex: 2016

Figure 1-7

Salaries of teachers in developed countries relative to earnings for tertiary educated workers: 2014

Figure 1-8

Immediate college enrollment rates among high school graduates, by institution type: 1975–2015

Figure 1-A

ACT-tested 2016 high school graduates meeting ACT college readiness benchmarks in mathematics and science

Chapter 2. Higher Education in Science and Engineering

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Figure 2-1

Selected average revenues and expenditures per FTE at public very high research universities: 2000–15

Figure 2-2

Average expenditures per FTE on research at public and private very high research universities: 2000–15

Figure 2-3

Average expenditures per FTE on instruction at public and private very high research universities: 2000–15

Figure 2-4

Selected average revenues and expenditures at public 4-year and other postsecondary institutions: 2000–15

Figure 2-5

Selected average revenues and expenditures per FTE at community colleges: 2000–15

Figure 2-6

Full-time S&E graduate students, by source of primary support: 2000–15

Figure 2-7

Full-time S&E graduate students with primary support from federal government, by field: 2015

Figure 2-8

Full-time S&E graduate students, by field and mechanism of primary support: 2015

Figure 2-9

Share of full-time undergraduate enrollment among U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race and ethnicity: 2000–15

Figure 2-10

S&E bachelor’s degrees, by field: 2000–15

Figure 2-11

Women's share of S&E bachelor's degrees, by field: 2000–15

Figure 2-12

Share of S&E bachelor’s degrees among U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race and ethnicity: 2000–15

Figure 2-13

S&E master's degrees, by field: 2000–15

Figure 2-14

S&E master’s degrees, by sex of recipient: 2000–15

Figure 2-15

S&E master’s degrees, by race, ethnicity, and citizenship: 2000–15

Figure 2-16

S&E doctoral degrees earned in U.S. universities, by field: 2000–15

Figure 2-17

S&E doctoral degrees earned by U.S. citizen and permanent resident underrepresented minorities, by race and ethnicity: 2000–15

Figure 2-18

S&E doctoral degrees, by race, ethnicity, and citizenship: 2000–15

Figure 2-19

U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients, by selected Asian country or economy of origin: 1995–2015

Figure 2-20

U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients, by selected European country: 1995–2015

Figure 2-21

U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients from Europe, by region: 1995–2015

Figure 2-22

U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients from Canada, Mexico, and Brazil: 1995–2015

Figure 2-23

Attainment of bachelor's or higher degrees, by country and age group: 2015

Figure 2-24

First university natural sciences and engineering degrees, by selected country or economy: 2000–14

Figure 2-25

Natural sciences and engineering doctoral degrees, by selected country: 2000–14

Figure 2-26

Internationally mobile students enrolled in tertiary education, by selected country: 2014

Chapter 3. Science and Engineering Labor Force

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Figure 3-1

Employment in S&E occupations, by broad occupational category: 2015 and 2016

Figure 3-2

S&E degrees among college graduates, by field and level of highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-3

Individuals employed in S&E occupations in the United States: Selected years, 1960–2015

Figure 3-4

Average annual growth in the total number of employed individuals with highest degree in S&E, by field and level of highest degree: 2003–15

Figure 3-5

Educational attainment, by type of occupation: 2015

Figure 3-6

Occupational distribution of scientists and engineers, by broad field of highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-7

Occupational distribution of S&E highest degree holders, by field of highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-8

S&E degree holders working in S&E occupations, by level and field of S&E highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-9

S&E degree holders employed in jobs related to highest degree, by level of and years since highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-10

S&E highest degree holders, by degree level and employment sector: 2015

Figure 3-11

Broad S&E occupational categories, by employment sector: 2015

Figure 3-12

Scientists and engineers employed in the business sector, by employer size: 2015

Figure 3-13

Employed scientists and engineers with R&D activity, by broad field of highest degree and broad occupational category: 2015

Figure 3-14

Employed SEH doctorate holders with R&D activity, by years since doctoral degree: 2015

Figure 3-15

Unemployment rates of S&E highest degree holders, by level of and years since highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-16

Unemployment rate, by selected groups: 1990–2015

Figure 3-17

S&E highest degree holders working involuntarily out of field, by field of and years since highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-18

Median salaries for employed, college-educated individuals, by broad field of and years since highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-19

Median salaries for S&E highest degree holders, by broad field of and years since highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-20

Median salaries for S&E highest degree holders, by level of and years since highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-21

Recent U.S. SEH doctorate recipients in postdoc positions, by field of and years since doctorate: 2015

Figure 3-22

Age distribution of scientists and engineers in the labor force, by sex: 1993 and 2015

Figure 3-23

Age distribution of employed scientists and engineers, by broad occupational category and broad field of highest degree: 2015

Figure 3-24

Older scientists and engineers who work full time, by age and highest degree level: 2015

Figure 3-25

Older scientists and engineers who report not working because of retirement, by age and highest degree level: 2015

Figure 3-26

Women in the workforce and in S&E: 1993 and 2015

Figure 3-27

Women in S&E occupations: 1993–2015

Figure 3-28

Employed women with highest degree in S&E, by degree level: 1993–2015

Figure 3-29

Highest degree holders in S&E not in the labor force, by sex and age: 2015

Figure 3-30

Estimated salary differences between women and men with highest degree in S&E employed full time, controlling for selected characteristics, by degree level: 2015

Figure 3-31

Estimated salary differences between minorities and whites and Asians with highest degree in S&E employed full time, controlling for selected characteristics, by degree level: 2015

Figure 3-32

Foreign-born scientists and engineers employed in S&E occupations, by highest degree level and broad S&E occupational category: 2015

Figure 3-33

Foreign-born individuals with highest degree in S&E living in the United States, by place of birth: 2015

Figure 3-34

Temporary work visas issued in categories with many high-skill workers: FYs 1991–2015

Figure 3-35

Plans at graduation of foreign recipients of U.S. S&E doctoral degrees to stay in the United States, by year of doctorate: 1995–2015

Figure 3-36

Five-year and ten-year stay rates for U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients with temporary visas at graduation: 2001–15

Figure 3-37

Five-year and ten-year stay rates for temporary residents receiving S&E doctorates in 2005 and 2010, by foreign support: 2015

Figure 3-38

Estimated number of researchers in selected regions or countries: 2000–15

Figure 3-39

Researchers as a share of total employment in selected regions or countries: 2000–15

Figure 3-40

Gross domestic expenditures on R&D (GERD) per researcher in selected regions or countries: 2000–15

Figure 3-A

Projected increases in employment for S&E and other selected occupations: 2014–24

Figure 3-B

Projected job openings in S&E and other selected occupations: 2014–24

Chapter 4. Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons

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Figure 4-1

U.S. R&D, by performing sector and source of funds: 1953–2015

Figure 4-2

Year-to-year changes in U.S. R&D expenditures, by performing sector: 2010–15

Figure 4-3

Ratio of U.S. R&D to gross domestic product, by roles of federal, business, and other nonfederal funding for R&D: 1953–2015

Figure 4-4

U.S. total R&D expenditures, by source of funds: 1953–2015

Figure 4-5

Global R&D expenditures, by region: 2015

Figure 4-6

Gross domestic expenditures on R&D, by the United States, the EU, and selected other countries: 1981–2015

Figure 4-7

Gross domestic expenditures on R&D as a share of gross domestic product, by the United States, the EU, and selected other countries: 1981–2015

Figure 4-8

Federal obligations for R&D and R&D plant: FYs 1980–2016

Figure 4-9

Federal obligations for R&D and R&D plant, current versus constant dollars: FYs 1980–2016

Figure 4-10

Federal obligations for R&D and R&D plant, by selected agencies: FYs 2007–16

Figure 4-11

Federal obligations for R&D, by agency and type of work: FY 2015

Figure 4-12

Federal obligations for research, by agency and major S&E field: FY 2015

Figure 4-A

Difference in federal R&D support, as reported by performers and federal agencies: 1985–2015

Chapter 5. Academic Research and Development

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Figure 5-1

Academic R&D expenditures, by source of funding: FYs 1972–2016

Figure 5-2

Federal and nonfederal funding of academic R&D expenditures: FYs 1997–2016

Figure 5-3

Federally financed academic R&D expenditures, by agency and S&E field: FY 2016

Figure 5-4

Sources of R&D funding for public and private academic institutions: FY 2016

Figure 5-5

Share of academic R&D, by institution rank in R&D expenditures: FYs 1997–2016

Figure 5-6

Change in S&E research space in academic institutions, by 2-year period: FYs 1988–2015

Figure 5-7

Research space at academic institutions, by S&E field: FYs 2007 and 2015

Figure 5-8

Current fund expenditures for S&E research equipment at academic institutions, by selected S&E field: FYs 2006–16

Figure 5-9

S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position: 1973–2015

Figure 5-10

S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by field: Selected years, 1973–2015

Figure 5-11

Tenure status of S&E doctorate holders employed in academia: 1995–2015

Figure 5-12

Women as a percentage of S&E doctorate holders employed full time in academia, by academic rank: Selected years, 1973–2015

Figure 5-13

Women as a percentage of younger and older S&E doctorate holders employed full time in academia, by academic rank: 2015

Figure 5-14

Black, Hispanic, and Asian S&E doctorate holders employed in academia as a percentage of full-time faculty positions, by sex: 2003 and 2015

Figure 5-15

Tenure status of underrepresented minority S&E doctorate holders employed in academia: 2003 and 2015

Figure 5-16

U.S.-trained S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by birthplace: 1973–2015

Figure 5-17

Full-time faculty ages 65–75 at research universities and other higher education institutions: 1973–2015

Figure 5-18

Primary work activity of full-time doctoral S&E faculty: Selected years, 1973–2015

Figure 5-19

S&E doctorate holders employed in academia in a postdoctoral position, by S&E degree field: Selected years, 1973–2015

Figure 5-20

S&E doctorate holders employed in very high research activity institutions with federal research support, by sex, race, and ethnicity: 2015

Figure 5-21

Early career S&E doctorate holders employed in full-time faculty positions with federal support, by field: 1991 and 2015

Figure 5-22

S&E articles, by global share of selected region, country, or economy: 2006–16

Figure 5-23

U.S. academic and nonacademic S&E articles: 2003–16

Figure 5-24

Share of world articles in all fields with authors from multiple institutions, domestic-only institutions, and international coauthorship: 2006 and 2016

Figure 5-25

Share of world S&E articles with international collaboration, by S&E field: 2006 and 2016

Figure 5-26

Share of S&E articles internationally coauthored, by selected region, country, or economy: 2006 and 2016

Figure 5-27

Share of citations to selected region, country, or economy that are received from authors abroad: 1996–2014

Figure 5-28

Average relative citations, by region, country, or economy: 1996–2014

Figure 5-29

Average relative citations for the United States, by S&E field: 2004 and 2014

Figure 5-30

Share of S&E publications in the top 1% of most cited publications, by selected region, country, or economy: 2004–14

Figure 5-31

S&E publication output in the top 1% of cited publications, by selected region, country, or economy: 2004–14

Figure 5-32

Average relative citations for U.S. S&E articles, by sector: 2004–14

Figure 5-A

Share of publications available in publisher-provided open access and total open access: 2006–15

Figure 5-B

Annual percentage of U.S. publications available in publisher-provided open access and total open access: 2006–15

Figure 5-C

Percentage of publications available in publisher-provided open access and total open access, by research domain: 2006–15

Figure 5-D

Filtered and unfiltered publications in Scopus, by year: 2006–16

Figure 5-E

Filtered and unfiltered publications in Scopus, by region, country, or economy: 2006–16

Figure 5-F

Filtered and unfiltered publications in Scopus, by WebCASPAR field: 2006–16

Figure 5-G

Trends in the proportion of female authors of S&E publications in Scopus: 2006–15

Figure 5-H

Proportion of female authors of S&E publications, by field: 2006–15

Figure 5-I

Proportion of female authors of S&E publications, by country: 2006–15

Chapter 6. Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace

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Figure 6-1

Global KTI industries, by output and share of GDP: 2016

Figure 6-2

Selected industry category share of GDP of developed and developing economies: 2016

Figure 6-3

Output of KTI industries as a share of the GDP of selected countries or economies: 2016

Figure 6-4

ICT business spending as a share of selected industry categories for selected countries or economies: 2016

Figure 6-5

Output of education and health care for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16

Figure 6-6

Output of commercial KI services for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16

Figure 6-7

U.S. employment in commercial KI services: 2006–16

Figure 6-8

U.S. KTI industry share of U.S. business R&D spending, industry output, and industry employment: 2014

Figure 6-9

Growth in real GDP, by selected region, country, or economy: 2009–16

Figure 6-10

Global value-added shares of selected service industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2016

Figure 6-11

Output of HT manufacturing industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16

Figure 6-12

U.S. employment in HT manufacturing industries: 2006–16

Figure 6-13

HT manufacturing industries of selected regions, countries, or economies: 2016

Figure 6-14

Annual change in value-added output of selected manufacturing industries in China: 2010–15

Figure 6-15

Global share of selected regions, countries, or economies in ICT manufacturing industries: 2016

Figure 6-16

Output of MHT manufacturing industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16

Figure 6-17

Manufacturing facilities of General Motors, Toyota, and Volkswagen, by selected region, country, or economy: 2016

Figure 6-18

Output of motor vehicles and parts industry for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16

Figure 6-19

Global share of selected regions, countries, or economies of MHT manufacturing industries: 2016

Figure 6-20

U.S. employment in MHT manufacturing industries: 2006–16

Figure 6-21

Global exports of commercial KTI products and services: 2008–16

Figure 6-22

Commercial KI service exports, by selected region, country, or economy: 2008–16

Figure 6-23

Trade balance of commercial KI services, by selected region, country, or economy: 2008–16

Figure 6-24

U.S. and EU commercial KI services trade, by category: 2016

Figure 6-25

China's and India's trade in commercial KI services, by category: 2016

Figure 6-26

Exports of HT products, by selected region, country, or economy: 2005–16

Figure 6-27

Trade balance of HT products, by selected region, country, or economy: 2005–16

Figure 6-28

Trade in ICT products of selected regions, countries, or economies, by selected trading partner: 2016

Figure 6-29

Exports of MHT products, by selected region, country, or economy: 2005–16

Figure 6-30

Trade balance of MHT products, by selected region, country, or economy: 2005–16

Figure 6-31

China and EU MHT trade, by product: 2016

Figure 6-32

Trade in motor vehicles and parts of selected regions, countries, or economies, by selected trading partner: 2016

Figure 6-33

Japan and United States trade in MHT products, by product: 2016

Figure 6-34

Private investment in sustainable energy technologies, by type of financing: 2006, 2010, and 2016

Figure 6-35

Government RD&D expenditures on sustainable energy technologies, by selected region, country, or economy: 2005–14

Figure 6-36

Global generation capacity of sustainable energy, by source: 2006–16

Figure 6-37

Global venture capital and private equity investment in sustainable energy technologies, by selected region or country: 2006–16

Figure 6-38

Global venture capital and private equity investment in sustainable energy technologies, by selected technology: 2006–16

Figure 6-39

U.S. venture capital and private equity investment in sustainable energy technologies, by selected technology: 2011–16

Figure 6-40

Later-stage private investment in sustainable energy technologies, by selected region or country: 2006–16

Figure 6-41

Later-stage private investment in sustainable energy technologies, by selected technology: 2006–16

Figure 6-42

Cumulative change in later-stage sustainable energy technologies private investment, by selected region or country and technology area: 2013–16

Figure 6-43

Generation capacity in solar and wind by selected region or country: 2006–16

Figure 6-44

Government RD&D expenditures on sustainable energy technologies, by technology: 2014

Figure 6-45

USPTO patents in sustainable energy technologies, by selected region, country, or economy of inventor: 2006–16

Figure 6-46

USPTO patents in sustainable energy technologies, by selected region, country, or economy of inventor: 2006–16

Figure 6-47

USPTO patents in sustainable energy technologies, by selected technology: 2006–16

Figure 6-48

Patent activity index of selected sustainable energy technologies for the United States, the EU, Japan, and South Korea: 2014–16

Figure 6-A

Growth in output of selected categories of industries, by selected country or economy: 2011–16

Figure 6-B

U.S. dollar exchange rate with selected currencies: 2011–16

Figure 6-C

Top-ranked supercomputers, by location of region, country, or economy: 2010–16

Figure 6-D

Headquarters of platform companies, by selected region: 2015

Figure 6-E

Exports of computer, electrical, and optical equipment, by selected region, country, or economy on conventional and value-added basis: 2011

Figure 6-F

China's trade balance in the electrical and optical equipment industry, by selected region, country, or economy on conventional and value-added basis: 2011

Figure 6-G

U.S. trade balance in the electrical and optical equipment industry, by selected country or economy on conventional and value-added basis: 2011

Chapter 7. Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding

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Figure 7-1

Key science and engineering knowledge and attitude indicators: 1981–2016

Figure 7-2

Key science and engineering indicators, by selected respondent education, sex, and age: 2016

Figure 7-3

Public interest in selected issues: 2016

Figure 7-4

Public interest in selected science-related issues: 1981–2016

Figure 7-5

Primary source respondents used to learn about current news events, science and technology, and specific scientific issues: 2016

Figure 7-6

Primary source respondents used to learn about current news events, science and technology, and specific scientific issues: 2001–16

Figure 7-7

Mean number of correct answers to trend factual knowledge of science scale: 1992–2016

Figure 7-8

Correct answers to trend factual knowledge of science scale, by respondent characteristic: 2016

Figure 7-9

Understanding scientific inquiry, by respondent characteristic: 2016

Figure 7-10

Public assessment of scientific research: 1979–2016

Figure 7-11

Public opinion on whether government should fund basic scientific research: 1985–2016

Figure 7-12

Public assessment of amount of spending for scientific research: 1981–2016

Figure 7-13

Public attitudes toward spending in various policy areas: 2016

Figure 7-14

Public confidence in institutional leaders, by type of institution: 2016

Figure 7-15

Public confidence in institutional leaders, by selected institution: 1973–2016

Figure 7-16

Public views about scientists: Selected years, 1983–2016

Figure 7-17

Concern about specific environmental issues: 1989–2017

Figure 7-18

Perceived danger of specific health and environmental issues: Selected years, 1993–2016

Figure 7-19

Belief in global warming and confidence in that belief: 1989–2017

Figure 7-20

Views on nuclear energy: 1994–2017

Figure 7-21

Views on nanotechnology: 2008, 2010, 2016

Figure 7-A

Correct answers to factual knowledge questions, by respondent characteristic: 2006–16 (combined)

Chapter 8. Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation

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Figure 8-1

For companies that performed or funded R&D, shares rating intellectual property as being very or somewhat important: 2011

Figure 8-2

USPTO patents granted, by selected U.S. industry: 2015

Figure 8-3

USPTO patents granted to U.S. and non-U.S. academic institutions: 1996–2016

Figure 8-4

U.S. academic patents, by selected technology area, 5-year averages: 2002–16

Figure 8-5

USPTO patents granted, by selected region, country, or economy of inventor: 2006–16

Figure 8-6

USPTO patents granted in selected broad technology categories: 2006 and 2016

Figure 8-7

USPTO patents granted, by selected country or economy of inventor: 2006–16

Figure 8-8

Patent activity index for selected technologies for the United States, the EU, and Japan: 2014–16

Figure 8-9

Patent activity index of selected technologies for South Korea, Taiwan, and China: 2014–16

Figure 8-10

U.S. university patenting activities: 2003–15

Figure 8-11

Citations of U.S. S&E articles in U.S. patents, by selected S&E article field: 2016

Figure 8-12

Citation of U.S. S&E articles in USPTO patents, by selected S&E field and article author sector: 2016

Figure 8-13

Exports of intellectual property (charges for their use), by selected region, country, or economy: 2008–16

Figure 8-14

Private investment in intangibles, by type, for the manufacturing sector: 1987–2015

Figure 8-15

Private investment in intangibles, by type, for the nonmanufacturing sector: 1987–2015

Figure 8-16

Global venture capital investment, by financing stage: 2006–16

Figure 8-17

Seed-stage venture capital investment, by selected country or economy: 2006–16

Figure 8-18

Global seed-stage venture capital investment: 2006–16

Figure 8-19

U.S. seed-stage venture capital investment, by selected industry: 2011–16

Figure 8-20

U.S. seed-stage venture capital investment, by selected industry: 2013 and 2016

Figure 8-21

U.S. early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected industry: 2013 and 2016

Figure 8-22

Early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected country or economy: 2006–16

Figure 8-23

Early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected country: 2006–16

Figure 8-24

U.S. early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected industry: 2011–16

Figure 8-25

China early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected industry: 2011–16

Figure 8-26

Share of U.S. manufacturing companies reporting product or process innovation, by selected industry: 2013–15

Figure 8-27

Share of U.S. nonmanufacturing companies reporting product or process innovation, by selected industry: 2013–15

Figure 8-28

Labor and multifactor productivity annual growth, multiyear averages, private nonfarm business sector: 1990–2016

Figure 8-29

Contributions to GDP growth, average: 2001–07 and 2009–15, selected OECD countries

Figure 8-30

Share of firms, job creation, and employment from firms 5 years old or younger: 1982–2015

Overview of the State of the U.S. S&E Enterprise in a Global Context

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FIGURE	TITLE	VIEW	PDF	EXCEL	PNG
O-1	Bachelor's degree awards in S&E fields, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–14	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-2	Internationally mobile students enrolled in tertiary education, by selected country: 2014	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-3	Doctoral degree awards in S&E fields, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–14	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-4	Estimated number of researchers, selected region or country: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-5	Regional share of worldwide R&D expenditures: 2000 and 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-6	Gross domestic expenditures on R&D, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-7	R&D intensity, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-8	S&E articles, by selected region, country, or economy: 2003–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-9	S&E publication output in the top 1% of cited publications, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–14	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-10	USPTO patents granted, by selected region, country, or economy of inventor: 2000–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-11	USPTO patents granted in selected broad technology categories: 2000 and 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-12	Patent activity index for selected technologies for the United States, EU, and Japan: 2014–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-13	Patent activity index of selected technologies for South Korea, Taiwan, and China: 2014–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-14	Exports of intellectual property (charges for their use), by selected region, country, or economy: 2008–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-15	Early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected region, country, or economy: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-16	Output of HT manufacturing industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-17	Output of MHT manufacturing industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
O-18	Output of commercial KI services industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG

Chapter 1. Elementary and Secondary Mathematics and Science Education

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FIGURE	TITLE	VIEW	PDF	EXCEL	PNG
1-1	Average NAEP mathematics scores of students in grades 4 and 8: 1990–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
1-2	Average mathematics assessment test scores of children who were in kindergarten for the first time during the 2010–11 school year and in the third grade during the 2013–14 school year, by family income level	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
1-3	Average TIMSS mathematics scores of U.S. students in grades 4 and 8: 1995–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
1-4	Average TIMSS science scores of U.S. students in grades 4 and 8: 1995–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
1-5	Average mathematics and science literacy assessment scores of 15-year-old students in the United States: 2003–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
1-6	Percentage distribution of high school students taking an AP exam in mathematics or science, by sex: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
1-7	Salaries of teachers in developed countries relative to earnings for tertiary educated workers: 2014	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
1-8	Immediate college enrollment rates among high school graduates, by institution type: 1975–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
1-A	ACT-tested 2016 high school graduates meeting ACT college readiness benchmarks in mathematics and science	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG

Chapter 2. Higher Education in Science and Engineering

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FIGURE	TITLE	VIEW	PDF	EXCEL	PNG
2-1	Selected average revenues and expenditures per FTE at public very high research universities: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-2	Average expenditures per FTE on research at public and private very high research universities: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-3	Average expenditures per FTE on instruction at public and private very high research universities: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-4	Selected average revenues and expenditures at public 4-year and other postsecondary institutions: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-5	Selected average revenues and expenditures per FTE at community colleges: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-6	Full-time S&E graduate students, by source of primary support: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-7	Full-time S&E graduate students with primary support from federal government, by field: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-8	Full-time S&E graduate students, by field and mechanism of primary support: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-9	Share of full-time undergraduate enrollment among U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race and ethnicity: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-10	S&E bachelor’s degrees, by field: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-11	Women's share of S&E bachelor's degrees, by field: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-12	Share of S&E bachelor’s degrees among U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race and ethnicity: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-13	S&E master's degrees, by field: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-14	S&E master’s degrees, by sex of recipient: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-15	S&E master’s degrees, by race, ethnicity, and citizenship: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-16	S&E doctoral degrees earned in U.S. universities, by field: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-17	S&E doctoral degrees earned by U.S. citizen and permanent resident underrepresented minorities, by race and ethnicity: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-18	S&E doctoral degrees, by race, ethnicity, and citizenship: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-19	U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients, by selected Asian country or economy of origin: 1995–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-20	U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients, by selected European country: 1995–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-21	U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients from Europe, by region: 1995–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-22	U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients from Canada, Mexico, and Brazil: 1995–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-23	Attainment of bachelor's or higher degrees, by country and age group: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-24	First university natural sciences and engineering degrees, by selected country or economy: 2000–14	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-25	Natural sciences and engineering doctoral degrees, by selected country: 2000–14	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
2-26	Internationally mobile students enrolled in tertiary education, by selected country: 2014	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG

Chapter 3. Science and Engineering Labor Force

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FIGURE	TITLE	VIEW	PDF	EXCEL	PNG
3-1	Employment in S&E occupations, by broad occupational category: 2015 and 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-2	S&E degrees among college graduates, by field and level of highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-3	Individuals employed in S&E occupations in the United States: Selected years, 1960–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-4	Average annual growth in the total number of employed individuals with highest degree in S&E, by field and level of highest degree: 2003–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-5	Educational attainment, by type of occupation: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-6	Occupational distribution of scientists and engineers, by broad field of highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-7	Occupational distribution of S&E highest degree holders, by field of highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-8	S&E degree holders working in S&E occupations, by level and field of S&E highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-9	S&E degree holders employed in jobs related to highest degree, by level of and years since highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-10	S&E highest degree holders, by degree level and employment sector: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-11	Broad S&E occupational categories, by employment sector: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-12	Scientists and engineers employed in the business sector, by employer size: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-13	Employed scientists and engineers with R&D activity, by broad field of highest degree and broad occupational category: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-14	Employed SEH doctorate holders with R&D activity, by years since doctoral degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-15	Unemployment rates of S&E highest degree holders, by level of and years since highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-16	Unemployment rate, by selected groups: 1990–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-17	S&E highest degree holders working involuntarily out of field, by field of and years since highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-18	Median salaries for employed, college-educated individuals, by broad field of and years since highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-19	Median salaries for S&E highest degree holders, by broad field of and years since highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-20	Median salaries for S&E highest degree holders, by level of and years since highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-21	Recent U.S. SEH doctorate recipients in postdoc positions, by field of and years since doctorate: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-22	Age distribution of scientists and engineers in the labor force, by sex: 1993 and 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-23	Age distribution of employed scientists and engineers, by broad occupational category and broad field of highest degree: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-24	Older scientists and engineers who work full time, by age and highest degree level: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-25	Older scientists and engineers who report not working because of retirement, by age and highest degree level: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-26	Women in the workforce and in S&E: 1993 and 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-27	Women in S&E occupations: 1993–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-28	Employed women with highest degree in S&E, by degree level: 1993–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-29	Highest degree holders in S&E not in the labor force, by sex and age: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-30	Estimated salary differences between women and men with highest degree in S&E employed full time, controlling for selected characteristics, by degree level: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-31	Estimated salary differences between minorities and whites and Asians with highest degree in S&E employed full time, controlling for selected characteristics, by degree level: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-32	Foreign-born scientists and engineers employed in S&E occupations, by highest degree level and broad S&E occupational category: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-33	Foreign-born individuals with highest degree in S&E living in the United States, by place of birth: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-34	Temporary work visas issued in categories with many high-skill workers: FYs 1991–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-35	Plans at graduation of foreign recipients of U.S. S&E doctoral degrees to stay in the United States, by year of doctorate: 1995–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-36	Five-year and ten-year stay rates for U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients with temporary visas at graduation: 2001–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-37	Five-year and ten-year stay rates for temporary residents receiving S&E doctorates in 2005 and 2010, by foreign support: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-38	Estimated number of researchers in selected regions or countries: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-39	Researchers as a share of total employment in selected regions or countries: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-40	Gross domestic expenditures on R&D (GERD) per researcher in selected regions or countries: 2000–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-A	Projected increases in employment for S&E and other selected occupations: 2014–24	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
3-B	Projected job openings in S&E and other selected occupations: 2014–24	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG

Chapter 4. Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons

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FIGURE	TITLE	VIEW	PDF	EXCEL	PNG
4-1	U.S. R&D, by performing sector and source of funds: 1953–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-2	Year-to-year changes in U.S. R&D expenditures, by performing sector: 2010–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-3	Ratio of U.S. R&D to gross domestic product, by roles of federal, business, and other nonfederal funding for R&D: 1953–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-4	U.S. total R&D expenditures, by source of funds: 1953–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-5	Global R&D expenditures, by region: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-6	Gross domestic expenditures on R&D, by the United States, the EU, and selected other countries: 1981–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-7	Gross domestic expenditures on R&D as a share of gross domestic product, by the United States, the EU, and selected other countries: 1981–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-8	Federal obligations for R&D and R&D plant: FYs 1980–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-9	Federal obligations for R&D and R&D plant, current versus constant dollars: FYs 1980–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-10	Federal obligations for R&D and R&D plant, by selected agencies: FYs 2007–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-11	Federal obligations for R&D, by agency and type of work: FY 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-12	Federal obligations for research, by agency and major S&E field: FY 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
4-A	Difference in federal R&D support, as reported by performers and federal agencies: 1985–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG

Chapter 5. Academic Research and Development

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FIGURE	TITLE	VIEW	PDF	EXCEL	PNG
5-1	Academic R&D expenditures, by source of funding: FYs 1972–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-2	Federal and nonfederal funding of academic R&D expenditures: FYs 1997–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-3	Federally financed academic R&D expenditures, by agency and S&E field: FY 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-4	Sources of R&D funding for public and private academic institutions: FY 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-5	Share of academic R&D, by institution rank in R&D expenditures: FYs 1997–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-6	Change in S&E research space in academic institutions, by 2-year period: FYs 1988–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-7	Research space at academic institutions, by S&E field: FYs 2007 and 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-8	Current fund expenditures for S&E research equipment at academic institutions, by selected S&E field: FYs 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-9	S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position: 1973–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-10	S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by field: Selected years, 1973–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-11	Tenure status of S&E doctorate holders employed in academia: 1995–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-12	Women as a percentage of S&E doctorate holders employed full time in academia, by academic rank: Selected years, 1973–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-13	Women as a percentage of younger and older S&E doctorate holders employed full time in academia, by academic rank: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-14	Black, Hispanic, and Asian S&E doctorate holders employed in academia as a percentage of full-time faculty positions, by sex: 2003 and 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-15	Tenure status of underrepresented minority S&E doctorate holders employed in academia: 2003 and 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-16	U.S.-trained S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by birthplace: 1973–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-17	Full-time faculty ages 65–75 at research universities and other higher education institutions: 1973–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-18	Primary work activity of full-time doctoral S&E faculty: Selected years, 1973–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-19	S&E doctorate holders employed in academia in a postdoctoral position, by S&E degree field: Selected years, 1973–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-20	S&E doctorate holders employed in very high research activity institutions with federal research support, by sex, race, and ethnicity: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-21	Early career S&E doctorate holders employed in full-time faculty positions with federal support, by field: 1991 and 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-22	S&E articles, by global share of selected region, country, or economy: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-23	U.S. academic and nonacademic S&E articles: 2003–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-24	Share of world articles in all fields with authors from multiple institutions, domestic-only institutions, and international coauthorship: 2006 and 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-25	Share of world S&E articles with international collaboration, by S&E field: 2006 and 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-26	Share of S&E articles internationally coauthored, by selected region, country, or economy: 2006 and 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-27	Share of citations to selected region, country, or economy that are received from authors abroad: 1996–2014	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-28	Average relative citations, by region, country, or economy: 1996–2014	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-29	Average relative citations for the United States, by S&E field: 2004 and 2014	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-30	Share of S&E publications in the top 1% of most cited publications, by selected region, country, or economy: 2004–14	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-31	S&E publication output in the top 1% of cited publications, by selected region, country, or economy: 2004–14	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-32	Average relative citations for U.S. S&E articles, by sector: 2004–14	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-A	Share of publications available in publisher-provided open access and total open access: 2006–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-B	Annual percentage of U.S. publications available in publisher-provided open access and total open access: 2006–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-C	Percentage of publications available in publisher-provided open access and total open access, by research domain: 2006–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-D	Filtered and unfiltered publications in Scopus, by year: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-E	Filtered and unfiltered publications in Scopus, by region, country, or economy: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-F	Filtered and unfiltered publications in Scopus, by WebCASPAR field: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-G	Trends in the proportion of female authors of S&E publications in Scopus: 2006–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-H	Proportion of female authors of S&E publications, by field: 2006–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
5-I	Proportion of female authors of S&E publications, by country: 2006–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG

Chapter 6. Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace

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FIGURE	TITLE	VIEW	PDF	EXCEL	PNG
6-1	Global KTI industries, by output and share of GDP: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-2	Selected industry category share of GDP of developed and developing economies: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-3	Output of KTI industries as a share of the GDP of selected countries or economies: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-4	ICT business spending as a share of selected industry categories for selected countries or economies: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-5	Output of education and health care for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-6	Output of commercial KI services for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-7	U.S. employment in commercial KI services: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-8	U.S. KTI industry share of U.S. business R&D spending, industry output, and industry employment: 2014	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-9	Growth in real GDP, by selected region, country, or economy: 2009–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-10	Global value-added shares of selected service industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-11	Output of HT manufacturing industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-12	U.S. employment in HT manufacturing industries: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-13	HT manufacturing industries of selected regions, countries, or economies: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-14	Annual change in value-added output of selected manufacturing industries in China: 2010–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-15	Global share of selected regions, countries, or economies in ICT manufacturing industries: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-16	Output of MHT manufacturing industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-17	Manufacturing facilities of General Motors, Toyota, and Volkswagen, by selected region, country, or economy: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-18	Output of motor vehicles and parts industry for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2003–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-19	Global share of selected regions, countries, or economies of MHT manufacturing industries: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-20	U.S. employment in MHT manufacturing industries: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-21	Global exports of commercial KTI products and services: 2008–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-22	Commercial KI service exports, by selected region, country, or economy: 2008–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-23	Trade balance of commercial KI services, by selected region, country, or economy: 2008–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-24	U.S. and EU commercial KI services trade, by category: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-25	China's and India's trade in commercial KI services, by category: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-26	Exports of HT products, by selected region, country, or economy: 2005–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-27	Trade balance of HT products, by selected region, country, or economy: 2005–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-28	Trade in ICT products of selected regions, countries, or economies, by selected trading partner: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-29	Exports of MHT products, by selected region, country, or economy: 2005–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-30	Trade balance of MHT products, by selected region, country, or economy: 2005–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-31	China and EU MHT trade, by product: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-32	Trade in motor vehicles and parts of selected regions, countries, or economies, by selected trading partner: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-33	Japan and United States trade in MHT products, by product: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-34	Private investment in sustainable energy technologies, by type of financing: 2006, 2010, and 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-35	Government RD&D expenditures on sustainable energy technologies, by selected region, country, or economy: 2005–14	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-36	Global generation capacity of sustainable energy, by source: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-37	Global venture capital and private equity investment in sustainable energy technologies, by selected region or country: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-38	Global venture capital and private equity investment in sustainable energy technologies, by selected technology: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-39	U.S. venture capital and private equity investment in sustainable energy technologies, by selected technology: 2011–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-40	Later-stage private investment in sustainable energy technologies, by selected region or country: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-41	Later-stage private investment in sustainable energy technologies, by selected technology: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-42	Cumulative change in later-stage sustainable energy technologies private investment, by selected region or country and technology area: 2013–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-43	Generation capacity in solar and wind by selected region or country: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-44	Government RD&D expenditures on sustainable energy technologies, by technology: 2014	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-45	USPTO patents in sustainable energy technologies, by selected region, country, or economy of inventor: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-46	USPTO patents in sustainable energy technologies, by selected region, country, or economy of inventor: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-47	USPTO patents in sustainable energy technologies, by selected technology: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-48	Patent activity index of selected sustainable energy technologies for the United States, the EU, Japan, and South Korea: 2014–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-A	Growth in output of selected categories of industries, by selected country or economy: 2011–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-B	U.S. dollar exchange rate with selected currencies: 2011–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-C	Top-ranked supercomputers, by location of region, country, or economy: 2010–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-D	Headquarters of platform companies, by selected region: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-E	Exports of computer, electrical, and optical equipment, by selected region, country, or economy on conventional and value-added basis: 2011	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-F	China's trade balance in the electrical and optical equipment industry, by selected region, country, or economy on conventional and value-added basis: 2011	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
6-G	U.S. trade balance in the electrical and optical equipment industry, by selected country or economy on conventional and value-added basis: 2011	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG

Chapter 7. Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding

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FIGURE	TITLE	VIEW	PDF	EXCEL	PNG
7-1	Key science and engineering knowledge and attitude indicators: 1981–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-2	Key science and engineering indicators, by selected respondent education, sex, and age: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-3	Public interest in selected issues: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-4	Public interest in selected science-related issues: 1981–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-5	Primary source respondents used to learn about current news events, science and technology, and specific scientific issues: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-6	Primary source respondents used to learn about current news events, science and technology, and specific scientific issues: 2001–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-7	Mean number of correct answers to trend factual knowledge of science scale: 1992–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-8	Correct answers to trend factual knowledge of science scale, by respondent characteristic: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-9	Understanding scientific inquiry, by respondent characteristic: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-10	Public assessment of scientific research: 1979–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-11	Public opinion on whether government should fund basic scientific research: 1985–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-12	Public assessment of amount of spending for scientific research: 1981–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-13	Public attitudes toward spending in various policy areas: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-14	Public confidence in institutional leaders, by type of institution: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-15	Public confidence in institutional leaders, by selected institution: 1973–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-16	Public views about scientists: Selected years, 1983–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-17	Concern about specific environmental issues: 1989–2017	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-18	Perceived danger of specific health and environmental issues: Selected years, 1993–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-19	Belief in global warming and confidence in that belief: 1989–2017	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-20	Views on nuclear energy: 1994–2017	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-21	Views on nanotechnology: 2008, 2010, 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
7-A	Correct answers to factual knowledge questions, by respondent characteristic: 2006–16 (combined)	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG

Chapter 8. Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation

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FIGURE	TITLE	VIEW	PDF	EXCEL	PNG
8-1	For companies that performed or funded R&D, shares rating intellectual property as being very or somewhat important: 2011	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-2	USPTO patents granted, by selected U.S. industry: 2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-3	USPTO patents granted to U.S. and non-U.S. academic institutions: 1996–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-4	U.S. academic patents, by selected technology area, 5-year averages: 2002–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-5	USPTO patents granted, by selected region, country, or economy of inventor: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-6	USPTO patents granted in selected broad technology categories: 2006 and 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-7	USPTO patents granted, by selected country or economy of inventor: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-8	Patent activity index for selected technologies for the United States, the EU, and Japan: 2014–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-9	Patent activity index of selected technologies for South Korea, Taiwan, and China: 2014–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-10	U.S. university patenting activities: 2003–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-11	Citations of U.S. S&E articles in U.S. patents, by selected S&E article field: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-12	Citation of U.S. S&E articles in USPTO patents, by selected S&E field and article author sector: 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-13	Exports of intellectual property (charges for their use), by selected region, country, or economy: 2008–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-14	Private investment in intangibles, by type, for the manufacturing sector: 1987–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-15	Private investment in intangibles, by type, for the nonmanufacturing sector: 1987–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-16	Global venture capital investment, by financing stage: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-17	Seed-stage venture capital investment, by selected country or economy: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-18	Global seed-stage venture capital investment: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-19	U.S. seed-stage venture capital investment, by selected industry: 2011–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-20	U.S. seed-stage venture capital investment, by selected industry: 2013 and 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-21	U.S. early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected industry: 2013 and 2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-22	Early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected country or economy: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-23	Early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected country: 2006–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-24	U.S. early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected industry: 2011–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-25	China early- and later-stage venture capital investment, by selected industry: 2011–16	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-26	Share of U.S. manufacturing companies reporting product or process innovation, by selected industry: 2013–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-27	Share of U.S. nonmanufacturing companies reporting product or process innovation, by selected industry: 2013–15	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-28	Labor and multifactor productivity annual growth, multiyear averages, private nonfarm business sector: 1990–2016	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-29	Contributions to GDP growth, average: 2001–07 and 2009–15, selected OECD countries	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG
8-30	Share of firms, job creation, and employment from firms 5 years old or younger: 1982–2015	View Figure	Download PDF	Download XLSX	Download PNG

National Science Board

Science & Engineering Indicators 2018

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