| NSF Org: |
DMR Division Of Materials Research |
| Recipient: |
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| Initial Amendment Date: | August 11, 2011 |
| Latest Amendment Date: | June 5, 2014 |
| Award Number: | 1106943 |
| Award Instrument: | Continuing Grant |
| Program Manager: |
Lynnette Madsen
lmadsen@nsf.gov (703)292-4936 DMR Division Of Materials Research MPS Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences |
| Start Date: | September 1, 2011 |
| End Date: | August 31, 2016 (Estimated) |
| Total Intended Award Amount: | $584,000.00 |
| Total Awarded Amount to Date: | $588,160.00 |
| Funds Obligated to Date: |
FY 2012 = $77,160.00 FY 2013 = $73,000.00 FY 2014 = $146,000.00 |
| History of Investigator: |
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| Recipient Sponsored Research Office: |
5000 FORBES AVE PITTSBURGH PA US 15213-3815 (412)268-8746 |
| Sponsor Congressional District: |
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| Primary Place of Performance: |
5000 FORBES AVE PITTSBURGH PA US 15213-3815 |
| Primary Place of
Performance Congressional District: |
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| Unique Entity Identifier (UEI): |
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| Parent UEI: |
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| NSF Program(s): |
CERAMICS, XC-Crosscutting Activities Pro |
| Primary Program Source: |
01001213DB NSF RESEARCH & RELATED ACTIVIT 01001314DB NSF RESEARCH & RELATED ACTIVIT 01001415DB NSF RESEARCH & RELATED ACTIVIT |
| Program Reference Code(s): |
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| Program Element Code(s): |
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| Award Agency Code: | 4900 |
| Fund Agency Code: | 4900 |
| Assistance Listing Number(s): | 47.049 |
ABSTRACT
This effort, based on collaboration with the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) in Madrid, Spain, examines the role of nanostructure on the temperature-dependent remanent magnetic state of spinodally decomposed two phase mixtures in the Fe2TiO4-Fe3O4 pseudo-binary titanomagnetite system. The pseudo-binary Fe2TiO4-Fe3O4 system is an interesting system for using magnetic measurements to probe the kinetics of phase transformations. This oxide system has a miscibility gap with spinodal decomposition. The two phases appearing in the decomposition are a strongly magnetic magnetite and a more weakly magnetic Ti-rich spinel. Many starting compounds in a homogeneous metastable solid solution are non-magnetic at temperatures where the decomposition kinetics can be monitored in reasonable experimental times. The magnetite formed by the decomposition reaction is magnetic at these temperatures and its magnetization is a measure of the volume fraction transformed. Time-dependent magnetization measurements are used to monitor the kinetics of spinodal decomposition for compositions within the spinodes and nucleation and growth kinetics for compositions outside of the spinodes. The investigators at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) have developed synthesis routes for compounds in the pseudobinary Fe2TiO4-Fe3O4 system that allow to more accurately define the asymmetric miscibility gap in this system. The fine microstructure resulting from spinodal decomposition and exchange anisotropy mechanisms for coupling may explain a large slowly decaying remanent state for these minerals on Mars. The non-saturating behavior of Ti-rich spinels is hypothesized as arising from to non-collinear spins. The coupling of the spins in the ferrimagnetic magnetite in modulated spinodal structures is of interest. Certain compounds are of further interest because they have magnetic transitions that are within the day to night temperature swing on Mars and can therefore be detected with miniaturized magnetic sensors.
The research also sheds light on the role of these minerals on terrestrial and extraterrestrial magnetic field anomalies and uses magnetic measurements as a probe of the kinetics of decomposition. The titanomagnetites offer a rich magnetic system to explore the role of fine microstructure on magnetic properties. They are important minerals in basalts and a commonly occurring mineral on the moon and Mars. Since both the moon and Mars lack an intense global magnetic field, magnetic mapping is even more powerful on these two bodies than on Earth. On Earth magnetic surveys are complicated by the presence of the main field, which makes measurements of crustal anomalies challenging and difficult to discern. The global magnetic mapping together with the study of the minerals of the crust and surface and their remanent state can give clues to the geomagnetic evolution of a planet. Miniaturized magnetic sensors are further developed at INTA, with support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, based on magnetic films developed at CMU that allow the remanent magnetic state of extraterrestrial minerals to be studied within the natural day to night temperature swing on the Martian surface. These sensors are also made available for characterization of biomagnetic systems on Earth. The proposed research involves two shared Ph.D students and develops mechanisms for undergraduate student exchanges. Students will also attend an INTA summer school on "Mars and its Enigmas" held at INTA. A second "Small Magnetic Sensors and Sensor Materials" satellite meeting to the Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM) Conference will be proposed to disseminate results.
PUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH
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PROJECT OUTCOMES REPORT
Disclaimer
This Project Outcomes Report for the General Public is displayed verbatim as submitted by the Principal Investigator (PI) for this award. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this Report are those of the PI and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation; NSF has not approved or endorsed its content.
Phase Evolution in the Fe3O4-Fe2TiO4 Pseudo-binary System and its Implications for Remanent Magnetization in Martian Minerals.
NSF DMR1106943 funded collaboration between Carnegie Mellon University and the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial “Esteban Terradas” (INTA), Spain, that studied minerals responsible for remnant magnetization on Mars and devised sensors for Martian explorations. The team published 11 papers in archival journals detailing achievments of project goals:
1. Built a regular solution model for titanomagnetites.
C. Grotschner, S. Lan, A. Wise, D. E. Laughlin, M. Diaz-Michelena and M. E. McHenry, “The Role of Atmosphere on Exsolution Processes and Magnetic Properties of Ulvospinel.” IEEE Trans. Mag. 49, 4273-76, (2013). (DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2013.2247577).
2. Observed cation distributions by Mossbauer spectroscopy.
M. Sorescu, T. Xu, A. Wise, M. Diaz-Michelena, and M. E. McHenry. "Studies on Structural, Magnetic and Thermal Properties of xFe2TiO4-(1-x)Fe3O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Pseudo-binary System." J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 324, 1453-1462, (2012). (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.12.012).
3. Understood ferrimagnetic exchange interactions: INTA students learned Crystalmaker software to consider solutions with random occupancy of B-sites by Ti. . (Jose Luis Mesa Una, M. Abuin and M. Diaz-Michelana spent time at CMU; M. Saenko, W. Schoenthal and M. E. McHenry spent time at INTA)
M. Abuin, Z. Turgut, N. Aronhime, V. Keylin, A. Leary, V. DeGeorge, D. E. Laughlin and M.E. McHenry. Determination of Pressure Effects on the Alpha to Gamma Phase Transition of Iron in Nd-Fe-B Spring Exchange Nanocomposite Magnets. Met. And Mat. Trans. A46 (11), 5002-10, (2015).
4. Used National High Field Magnet Lab measurements to characterize approach to saturation at different temperatures and compositions.
W. Schoenthal, X. Liu, T. Cox, J. L. Mesa, M. Maicas, M. Diaz-Michelena, DE Laughlin, and M.E. McHenry. Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Single Phase Titanomagnetites. J. Appl. Phys. 115(17), (2014).
5. Predicted temperature dependent magnetization, M(T) curves, with exchange interactions and Yafet-Kittel models.
W. Schoenthal, X. Liu, T. Cox, J. L. Mesa, M. Maicas, M. Diaz-Michelena, DE Laughlin, and M.E. McHenry. Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Single Phase Titanomagnetites. J. Appl. Phys. 115(17), (2014)
6. Modeled spin configurations at Fe3O4/TiFe2O4 interface and micromagnetic switching.
M. Maicas presented data during meeting to students and faculty.
7. Synthesized pseudo-binary alloys to give insight to conditions under which TM compounds occur naturally, on Earth and Mars.
C. Grotschner, S. Lan, A. Wise, D. E. Laughlin, M. Diaz-Michelena and M. E. McHenry, “The Role of Atmosphere on Exsolution Processes and Magnetic Properties of Ulvospinel.” IEEE Trans. Mag. 49, 4273-76, (2013). (DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2013.2247577).
A. B. Fernández, R. Sanz, M. E. McHenry, M. Díaz-Michelena, C. Aroca, M. Maicas. Data Base of Extraterresterial Magnetic Minerals, Test and Magnetic Simulations. IEEE Trans. Mag. 49, 3533-36, (2013). (DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2237388).
8. Vibrating Sample Magnetometry Measurements of Kinetics of Titanomagnetite Decomposition:
A. T. Wise, M. Saenko, A. M. Velázquez, D. E. Laughlin, M. Diaz-Michelena, and M. E. McHenry. "Phase Evolution in the Fe3O4-Fe2TiO4 Pseudo-binary System and its Implications for Remanent Magnetization in Martian Minerals." IEEE Trans. Magn. 47, 4124-27, (2011). (DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157471).
9. Scherrer analysis on titanomagnetites relevant to Mars exploraation.
C. Grotschner, S. Lan, A. Wise, D. E. Laughlin, M. Diaz-Michelena and M. E. McHenry, “The Role of Atmosphere on Exsolution Processes and Magnetic Properties of Ulvospinel.” IEEE Trans. Mag. 49, 4273-76, (2013). (DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2013.2247577).
10. TEM Studies of self-organized spinodally decomposed compounds.
P. Anand, unpublished, grew magnetite nanocubes, self organizing them and deposited ulvospinel thin films on top to simulate synthetically produced spinodally decomposed structures. She observed Verwey transitions in the same by TEM.
11. VSM measurements.
S. Lan, K. Grotschner, A. Wise, D. E. Laughlin, M. Diaz-Michelena and M. E. McHenry, Exsolution Processes and Magnetic Properties in Ti-rich Titanomagnetite Solutions. IEEE Trans. Mag. 49, 4314-18, (2013). (DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2013.2247577).
12. Use Small Sensors to Measure M(T):
N. J. Jones, K. L. McNerny, V. Sokalski, M. Diaz-Michelena, D. E Laughlin, and M. E. McHenry. "Fabrication of Thin Films for a Small Alternating Gradient Field Magnetometer for Biomedical Magnetic Sensing Applications." J. Appl. Phys. 109, no. 7, 07E512-514, (2011). (http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3679456).
13. INTA Transfered New Sensor Technologies to CMU: (INTA)
J. –L. Mesa Una, M. Diaz-Michelena, D. Cuidad, W. Schoenthal, M. E. McHenry, M. Maicas and C. Arocca; Single Point Gradiometer for Planetary Applications. IEEE Magn. Lett. PP(89), 1, (2015). 10.1109/LMAG.2015.2411576.
14. Performed electron magnetic circular dichroism EMCD.
X. Liu, et al., "Structural and magnetic properties of xFe2TiO4(1-x)Fe3O4 (0.75
X Liu, W Schoenthal, T Cox, A Wise, DE Laughlin, and M.E. McHenry. Titanomagnetite Properties and Microstructures. Char. Min., Met., and Mat. 387, John Wiley and Sons. (2014). DOI: 10.1002/9781118888056.ch45
15. Understood conditions under which spinodal decomposition occurs.
A. T. Wise, M. Saenko, A. M. Velázquez, D. E. Laughlin, M. Diaz-Michelena, and M. E. McHenry. "Phase Evolution in the Fe3O4-Fe2TiO4 Pseudo-binary System and its Implications for Remanent Magnetization in Martian Minerals." IEEE Trans. Magn. 47, 4124-27, (2011). (DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157471).
Last Modified: 01/06/2017
Modified by: Michael E Mchenry
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