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["Science and Engineering State Profiles: 2021"]
[null,"Alabama",null,"United States"]
["Characteristic, data year (unit)","Value","Rank"]
["Gross domestic product, 2021 ($millions)","247,093",27,"22,958,533"]
["Total R&D performance, 2021 ($millions)","6,289",26,"779,953"]
["Business R&D performance, 2021 ($millions)","2,910",28,"601,718"]
["Higher education R&D performance, 2021 ($millions)","1,188",23,"84,577"]
["Earth sciences (%)",3,"-",4]
["Engineering (%)",20,"-",17]
["Environmental sciences (%)","NA","-","NA"]
["Life sciences (%)",63,"-",62]
["Math and computer sciences (%)",7,"-",4]
["Physical sciences (%)",4,"-",7]
["Psychology (%)",1,"-",2]
["Sciences, nec (%)",0,"-",1]
["Social sciences (%)",2,"-",3]
["Academic research space, 2021 (thousands sq. ft.)","2,815",29,"236,019"]
["Federal R&D obligations, 2021 ($millions)","3,970",11,"183,396"]
["State government R&D expenditures, 2021 ($thousands)","29,812",19,"2,471,471"]
["Agriculture ($thousands)",104,38,"119,860"]
["Energy ($thousands)",179,25,"410,687"]
["Environment and natural resources ($thousands)","6,080",21,"428,535"]
["Health ($thousands)","2,164",22,"1,030,395"]
["Other ($thousands)","19,074",2,"181,642"]
["Transportation ($thousands)","2,211",34,"300,353"]
["SBIR awards, 2021",91,16,"5,495"]
["Utility patents issued to state residents, 2021",567,34,"150,373"]
["Population, 2021 (thousands)","5,040",24,"335,157"]
["Civilian labor force, 2021 (thousands)","2,247",24,"162,925"]
["Personal income per capita, 2021 (dollars)","48,608",49,"63,444"]
["S&E graduate students in institutions granting research-based graduate degrees, 2021","10,855",21,"760,005"]
["Doctorate students","3,853",23,"293,543"]
["Masters students","7,002",20,"466,462"]
["S&E doctorate recipients, 2021",451,25,"40,057"]
["Earth sciences (%)",2,"-",3]
["Engineering (%)",26,"-",24]
["Environmental sciences (%)","NA","-","NA"]
["Life sciences (%)",39,"-",30]
["Math and computer sciences (%)",7,"-",10]
["Physical sciences (%)",10,"-",12]
["Psychology (%)",13,"-",9]
["Social sciences (%)",4,"-",12]
["S&E postdoctoral appointees in institutions granting research-based graduate degrees, 2021",454,26,"63,320"]
["Employed S&E doctorate holders, 2021","8,750",28,"868,100"]
["Federal obligations for S&E R&D, by agency and performer, 2021 ($thousands)"]
["All agencies","3,966,904",11,"183,933,902"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-","14,786,845"]
["Businesses","1,444,178","-","49,862,296"]
["Federal intramural","1,969,225","-","66,636,046"]
["Other nonprofits","40,455","-","11,951,169"]
["State and local governments","13,844","-","960,591"]
["Universities and colleges","499,203","-","39,736,940"]
["Department of Agriculture","43,274",23,"2,882,497"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-",0]
["Businesses",455,"-","25,932"]
["Federal intramural","8,339","-","1,709,475"]
["Other nonprofits",0,"-","49,719"]
["State and local governments",585,"-","11,735"]
["Universities and colleges","33,895","-","1,085,284"]
["Department of Commerce","4,856",23,"1,811,534"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-","20,708"]
["Businesses","NA","-","58,955"]
["Federal intramural","1,255","-","1,310,470"]
["Other nonprofits",0,"-","20,698"]
["State and local governments",0,"-","3,243"]
["Universities and colleges","3,563","-","397,241"]
["Department of Defense","3,176,525",5,"65,044,693"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-","3,497,102"]
["Businesses","1,197,377","-","35,944,063"]
["Federal intramural","1,939,297","-","19,471,787"]
["Other nonprofits","13,668","-","1,498,927"]
["State and local governments",235,"-","12,290"]
["Universities and colleges","25,948","-","4,620,444"]
["Department of Energy","19,572",40,"13,450,849"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-","7,904,788"]
["Businesses","7,831","-","2,723,558"]
["Federal intramural",0,"-","965,337"]
["Other nonprofits",0,"-","194,742"]
["State and local governments",0,"-","63,413"]
["Universities and colleges","11,741","-","1,598,846"]
["Department of Health and Human Services","394,510",24,"76,333,376"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-","728,866"]
["Businesses","6,758","-","4,949,233"]
["Federal intramural",154,"-","38,204,775"]
["Other nonprofits","23,413","-","7,324,358"]
["State and local governments","8,326","-","569,683"]
["Universities and colleges","355,859","-","24,556,426"]
["Department of Homeland Security","3,552",21,"521,854"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-","71,103"]
["Businesses","3,552","-","220,588"]
["Federal intramural",0,"-","182,127"]
["Other nonprofits",0,"-","8,498"]
["State and local governments",0,"-","3,064"]
["Universities and colleges",0,"-","36,421"]
["Department of the Interior","3,404",37,"895,878"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-",408]
["Businesses",0,"-","18,696"]
["Federal intramural","2,156","-","781,805"]
["Other nonprofits",0,"-","8,472"]
["State and local governments",297,"-","15,594"]
["Universities and colleges",952,"-","70,616"]
["Department of Transportation","8,617",27,"1,105,379"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-","87,217"]
["Businesses",0,"-","411,741"]
["Federal intramural",110,"-","176,246"]
["Other nonprofits",0,"-","55,352"]
["State and local governments","4,400","-","212,229"]
["Universities and colleges","4,107","-","162,220"]
["Environmental Protection Agency","1,485",24,"520,187"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-",109]
["Businesses","1,374","-","201,052"]
["Federal intramural",0,"-","264,459"]
["Other nonprofits","NA","-","14,115"]
["State and local governments",0,"-",0]
["Universities and colleges",82,"-","40,133"]
["National Aeronautics and Space Administration","248,161",8,"11,690,005"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-","2,051,453"]
["Businesses","225,992","-","4,653,844"]
["Federal intramural","4,688","-","1,749,006"]
["Other nonprofits","2,255","-","1,836,714"]
["State and local governments",0,"-","3,142"]
["Universities and colleges","15,227","-","1,395,736"]
["National Science Foundation","46,386",32,"6,672,946"]
["All FFRDCs",0,"-","298,451"]
["Businesses",512,"-","510,096"]
["Federal intramural",0,"-","7,930"]
["Other nonprofits","1,090","-","312,987"]
["State and local governments",0,"-","19,880"]
["Universities and colleges","44,784","-","5,523,503"]