Survey	Type of Respondent	Sample/ Census	Population/ Sample Size12	Earliest Year	Most Recent Year	Data Access (see codes)
Annual Business Survey	Businesses	s	850,000	2018	2017	DST
Business Enterprise Research and Development Survey (BERD)	Companies	s	45,000	1953 5	2018	DST IRIS
Early Career Doctorates Survey	Institutions / Individuals 13	s	176 institutions / 6,827 individuals	2015	2015	Restricted file
FFRDC Research and Development Survey	FFRDCs	c	41	FY 2001	2019	DT Public file
Higher Education Research and Development Survey (HERD) 1	Academic institutions	c	895	FY 1972 8	2019	DT Public file Interactive Data Tool
National Survey of College Graduates 2	Individual	s	140,000	1993 6	2019	DST Public file SESTAT
Nonprofit Research Activities Survey (Forthcoming)	Establishment	s	2,000	2017
Survey of Doctorate Recipients 2	Individual	s	47,000	1973	2017	DT Public file Restricted file SESTAT
Survey of Earned Doctorates 1	Individual	c	54,070	1957 7	2019	DT Restricted file Interactive Data Tool SED Tab Engine
Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development 11	Federal agencies	c	28	FY 1952	2019	DT Interactive Data Tool
Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions 1	Federal agencies	c	19	FY 1965	2018	DT Interactive Data Tool
Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering 1	Academic departments	c	14,845	1975	2018	DT Public file Interactive Data Tool
Survey of Postdocs at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers	FFRDCs	c	39	2005	2019	DT
Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities 2	Academic institutions 9	c	588	1986	2019	DT Public file Interactive Data Tool
Survey of State Government Research and Development 4	State agencies	c	500	FY 2006 10	2019	DT

Format codes
c = Census.
DST = Detailed statistical tables, reports containing an extensive collection of tabular data.
DT = Data tables
IRIS = A historical database of tables containing all industrial R&D data from 1953 through 1998.
NPO = Non profit organization.
Public file = Public-use data files.
Restricted file = Restricted-use data files, license agreement required to access data.
s = Sample.
SESTAT = An integrated database containing information on the employment, educational and demographic characteristics of scientists and engineers in the United States.

1	Conducted annually
2	Conducted biennially
3	Conducted biennially through 2010; estimates of recent college graduates after 2010 are based on the National Survey of College Graduates
4	Conducted annually or biannually since 2006
5	Predecessor surveys were the Survey of Industrial Research and Development (SIRD) (1953-2007), the Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS) (2008-2016), and the Business Research and Development Survey (BRDS) (2017-2018).
6	Data collected in 1962, 1972, 1980s via Postcensal Manpower Survey and Professional, Technical and Scientific Manpower Survey are not directly comparable to data collected 1993 and later
7	Limited data available for 1920–1956
8	Survey of R&D Expenditures at Universities and Colleges 1972–2009
9	Survey included biomedical institutions up through 2009
10	Limited data available for 1964-1995; data prior to FY 2006 are not comparable to later data
11	Conducted annually, includes 2 years of projected estimates
12	If the survey is a sample, the values are approximate sample sizes. If the survey is a census, the values are actual population sizes
13	Individuals working at U.S. master's- and doctorate-granting academic institutions, federally funded research and development centers, and the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Programs.

Note: Electronic availability of data varies by survey, and data are not usually available back to the earliest year.