This report provides current data on the levels of and key trends in the performance and funding of research and development (R&D) in the United States, with comparisons to the historical record (back to 1953). Detailed statistical tables present data on U.S. R&D expenditures by performing sector, source of funds, type of R&D, and state. Data are drawn from multiple surveys from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the U.S. National Science Foundation.

New data from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) within the U.S. National Science Foundation indicate that research and experimental development (R&D) performed in the United States totaled $892 billion in 2022. The estimated total for 2023, based on performer-reported expectations, is $940 billion. The ratio of U.S. R&D to GDP was 3.43% in 2022, exceeding the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 2.73%.

This report provides current data on the levels of and key trends in the performance and funding of research and development (R&D) in the United States, with comparisons to the historical record (back to 1953). Detailed statistical tables present data on U.S. R&D expenditures by performing sector, source of funds, type of R&D, and state. Data are drawn from multiple surveys from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the National Science Foundation.

New data from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) within the National Science Foundation indicate that research and experimental development (R&D) performed in the United States totaled $789.1 billion in 2021. The estimated total for 2022, based on performer-reported expectations, is $885.6 billion. The ratio of U.S. R&D to GDP was 3.34% in 2020, exceeding the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 2.72%.

Latest visualizations from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics using data from National Patterns of R&D Resources: 2020–21 on trends in total R&D expenditures by state consisting of three map charts: state R&D expenditures 2020, R&D share of state GDP, and change in state R&D expenditures 2010–20.

Expenditures on the performance of basic research funded by the business sector have increased dramatically over the past 2 decades. Funding from the business sector for basic research has increased from $10.4 billion in 2000 to an estimated $36.0 billion in 2021 in constant 2012 dollars. Longer-term trends in funding shares show a decreased relative importance of the federal government as a funding source of basic research. Data are from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources.

The ratio of U.S. research and development (R&D) to gross domestic product (GDP), at 3.40% in 2021, exceeded 3% for the first time in 2019. However, the decades between the previous peak, 1964, and recent years have witnessed notable changes in the funding sources for domestic R&D. Data are from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources.

The ratio of U.S. research and development (R&D) to gross domestic product (GDP), at 3.40% in 2021, exceeded 3% for the first time in 2019. The previous peak of the R&D-to-GDP ratio was in 1964. Focusing on the long-term trends masks changes over the past decade that have driven R&D to account for over 3% of the value of domestically produced goods and services. Data are from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources.

This report provides current data on the levels of and key trends in the performance and funding of research and development (R&D) in the United States, with comparisons to the historical record (back to 1953). Detailed statistical tables present data on U.S. R&D expenditures by performing sector, source of funds, type of R&D, and state. Data are drawn from multiple surveys from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the National Science Foundation.

New data from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the National Science Foundation indicate that research and experimental development (R&D) performed in the United States totaled $717.0 billion in 2020. The estimated total for 2021, based on performer-reported expectations, is $791.9 billion. The ratio of U.S. R&D to GDP was 3.40% in 2020, exceeding the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average (2.67%).