Table 45. Postgraduation plans of doctorate recipients with definite commitments, by sex, citizenship status, ethnicity, and race: Selected years, 1996–2016
| Definite commitment and plan |
Totala |
Sex |
Citizenship status |
U.S. citizens and permanent residents |
| Hispanic or Latino |
Not Hispanic or Latino |
Ethnicity not reported |
| Male |
Female |
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
Temporary visa holder |
American Indian or Alaska Native |
Asian |
Black or African American |
White |
More than one race |
Other race or race not reported |
| All definite commitments (number) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1996 |
26,077 |
15,623 |
10,449 |
20,580 |
5,481 |
745 |
119 |
2,132 |
882 |
16,501 |
na |
119 |
82 |
| 2001 |
27,052 |
15,452 |
11,599 |
20,380 |
6,646 |
895 |
93 |
1,441 |
1,090 |
16,125 |
210 |
217 |
309 |
| 2006 |
30,106 |
16,766 |
13,338 |
20,805 |
9,241 |
1,044 |
74 |
1,616 |
1,199 |
16,182 |
328 |
186 |
176 |
| 2011 |
29,295 |
16,075 |
13,219 |
20,424 |
8,716 |
1,141 |
74 |
1,673 |
1,103 |
15,631 |
447 |
137 |
218 |
| 2016 |
30,771 |
16,906 |
13,865 |
21,581 |
9,096 |
1,432 |
74 |
1,735 |
1,197 |
16,259 |
646 |
141 |
97 |
| Reported type of plan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1996 |
26,031 |
15,596 |
10,430 |
20,546 |
5,470 |
745 |
119 |
2,127 |
881 |
16,473 |
na |
119 |
82 |
| 2001 |
26,906 |
15,381 |
11,525 |
20,279 |
6,608 |
890 |
92 |
1,435 |
1,086 |
16,051 |
209 |
213 |
303 |
| 2006 |
29,501 |
16,465 |
13,034 |
20,353 |
9,100 |
1,013 |
73 |
1,579 |
1,164 |
15,863 |
322 |
175 |
164 |
| 2011 |
27,744 |
15,264 |
12,479 |
19,266 |
8,335 |
1,057 |
67 |
1,560 |
1,029 |
14,795 |
428 |
130 |
200 |
| 2016 |
29,300 |
16,187 |
13,113 |
20,443 |
8,766 |
1,332 |
71 |
1,659 |
1,121 |
15,411 |
617 |
138 |
94 |
| Employment (%)b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1996 |
70.5 |
68.0 |
74.3 |
73.2 |
60.7 |
75.2 |
83.2 |
55.4 |
84.9 |
74.7 |
na |
76.5 |
65.9 |
| 2001 |
71.0 |
70.0 |
72.2 |
72.7 |
65.7 |
72.1 |
81.5 |
64.3 |
77.6 |
73.0 |
71.8 |
74.6 |
77.9 |
| 2006 |
66.1 |
64.4 |
68.3 |
69.1 |
59.4 |
69.7 |
84.9 |
58.1 |
76.8 |
69.7 |
63.4 |
70.9 |
71.3 |
| 2011 |
57.3 |
55.9 |
58.9 |
60.6 |
49.7 |
54.9 |
71.6 |
54.7 |
67.2 |
61.3 |
55.6 |
55.4 |
59.0 |
| 2016 |
61.2 |
60.8 |
61.8 |
62.9 |
57.3 |
58.1 |
74.6 |
59.3 |
71.5 |
63.2 |
56.6 |
67.4 |
72.3 |
| Postdoctoral study (%)b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1996 |
29.5 |
32.0 |
25.7 |
26.8 |
39.3 |
24.8 |
16.8 |
44.6 |
15.1 |
25.3 |
na |
23.5 |
34.1 |
| 2001 |
29.0 |
30.0 |
27.8 |
27.3 |
34.3 |
27.9 |
18.5 |
35.7 |
22.4 |
27.0 |
28.2 |
25.4 |
22.1 |
| 2006 |
33.9 |
35.6 |
31.7 |
30.9 |
40.6 |
30.3 |
15.1 |
41.9 |
23.2 |
30.3 |
36.6 |
29.1 |
28.7 |
| 2011 |
42.7 |
44.1 |
41.1 |
39.4 |
50.3 |
45.1 |
28.4 |
45.3 |
32.8 |
38.7 |
44.4 |
44.6 |
41.0 |
| 2016 |
38.8 |
39.2 |
38.2 |
37.1 |
42.7 |
41.9 |
25.4 |
40.7 |
28.5 |
36.8 |
43.4 |
32.6 |
27.7 |