Table 37. Doctorate recipients' sources of financial support, by sex and broad field of study: 2016
(Percent distribution)
| Sex and financial resource |
All fields (number) |
All fields |
Life sciencesa |
Physical sciences and earth sciences |
Mathematics and computer sciences |
Psychology and social sciences |
Engineering |
Education |
Humanities and arts |
Otherb |
| Male doctorate recipients |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Unduplicated total (number)c |
26,453 |
100.0 |
19.4 |
14.7 |
10.2 |
12.5 |
24.4 |
5.2 |
8.8 |
4.8 |
| Fellowship or scholarship |
15,669 |
100.0 |
20.9 |
14.2 |
9.1 |
14.4 |
21.2 |
3.4 |
11.9 |
5.1 |
| Grant |
9,669 |
100.0 |
27.6 |
16.6 |
8.3 |
12.7 |
19.4 |
2.5 |
9.6 |
3.3 |
| Assistantship |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Teaching |
17,665 |
100.0 |
14.2 |
18.4 |
12.2 |
14.6 |
21.5 |
2.7 |
11.1 |
5.1 |
| Research |
17,547 |
100.0 |
17.7 |
19.2 |
11.0 |
11.0 |
30.3 |
2.3 |
4.2 |
4.3 |
| Other |
1,490 |
100.0 |
13.7 |
8.4 |
8.8 |
20.2 |
16.3 |
10.2 |
16.4 |
6.0 |
| Traineeship |
864 |
100.0 |
54.3 |
9.5 |
4.1 |
11.3 |
16.3 |
1.2 |
2.3 |
1.0 |
| Internship or clinical residency |
1,862 |
100.0 |
6.3 |
7.8 |
26.2 |
18.2 |
36.5 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
| Loan (any source) |
5,380 |
100.0 |
16.2 |
8.8 |
5.4 |
22.7 |
12.8 |
10.8 |
15.9 |
7.2 |
| Personal sources |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Savings |
10,340 |
100.0 |
16.9 |
10.2 |
8.5 |
17.5 |
19.7 |
7.8 |
12.2 |
7.1 |
| Other earnings during graduate school |
6,211 |
100.0 |
14.6 |
6.9 |
8.2 |
20.6 |
13.4 |
11.7 |
18.7 |
6.0 |
| Spouse's, partner's, or family's earnings or savings |
7,050 |
100.0 |
17.6 |
10.3 |
7.7 |
18.3 |
17.5 |
6.2 |
15.1 |
7.2 |
| Employer reimbursement or assistance |
2,491 |
100.0 |
16.3 |
9.1 |
9.8 |
11.1 |
23.4 |
15.9 |
7.7 |
6.8 |
| Foreign (non-U.S.) support |
1,821 |
100.0 |
17.4 |
10.8 |
10.9 |
12.3 |
30.3 |
4.1 |
8.9 |
5.4 |
| Other |
24 |
100.0 |
16.7 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
29.2 |
25.0 |
12.5 |
8.3 |
0.0 |
| Female doctorate recipients |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Unduplicated total (number)d |
22,404 |
100.0 |
28.3 |
8.0 |
3.8 |
20.5 |
8.6 |
14.0 |
11.3 |
5.6 |
| Fellowship or scholarship |
14,205 |
100.0 |
29.2 |
8.3 |
3.3 |
20.8 |
8.3 |
9.8 |
14.8 |
5.5 |
| Grant |
8,961 |
100.0 |
36.6 |
9.0 |
2.9 |
19.6 |
8.0 |
7.7 |
12.3 |
4.0 |
| Assistantship |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Teaching |
14,085 |
100.0 |
21.8 |
11.0 |
4.8 |
23.8 |
8.3 |
8.3 |
15.7 |
6.1 |
| Research |
12,670 |
100.0 |
28.5 |
12.1 |
4.5 |
20.9 |
12.5 |
8.8 |
7.0 |
5.7 |
| Other |
1,911 |
100.0 |
13.4 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
32.2 |
5.2 |
21.0 |
17.6 |
5.1 |
| Traineeship |
1,176 |
100.0 |
63.2 |
4.5 |
2.0 |
17.9 |
7.3 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
| Internship or clinical residency |
1,658 |
100.0 |
9.8 |
4.2 |
10.3 |
52.1 |
12.9 |
6.3 |
2.8 |
1.5 |
| Loan (any source) |
6,574 |
100.0 |
18.9 |
3.3 |
1.2 |
30.5 |
2.5 |
22.2 |
15.0 |
6.5 |
| Personal sources |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Savings |
10,260 |
100.0 |
23.5 |
4.7 |
2.6 |
24.8 |
5.6 |
18.0 |
13.9 |
6.8 |
| Other earnings during graduate school |
7,180 |
100.0 |
19.1 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
25.7 |
3.1 |
22.4 |
18.1 |
6.6 |
| Spouse's, partner's, or family's earnings or savings |
8,589 |
100.0 |
23.4 |
4.2 |
2.8 |
26.2 |
5.5 |
16.0 |
15.1 |
6.8 |
| Employer reimbursement or assistance |
2,316 |
100.0 |
26.9 |
3.7 |
2.8 |
15.6 |
5.6 |
30.8 |
7.6 |
7.1 |
| Foreign (non-U.S.) support |
1,082 |
100.0 |
26.2 |
5.4 |
4.6 |
20.3 |
12.1 |
9.1 |
15.2 |
7.2 |
| Other |
28 |
100.0 |
32.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
28.6 |
3.6 |
7.1 |
25.0 |
3.6 |