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Table 32. Median years to doctorate, by sex, citizenship status, ethnicity, race, and broad field of study: 2016

Time to degree and demographic characteristic All fields Life sciencesa Physical sciences and earth sciences Mathematics and computer sciences Psychology and social sciences Engineering Education Humanities and arts Otherb
Median Number Median Number Median Number Median Number Median Number Median Number Median Number Median Number Median Number
Years since bachelor's
All doctorate recipientsc 8.8 51,081 8.2 11,793 6.9 5,873 7.9 3,680 9.5 8,380 7.3 8,797 15.0 4,796 11.0 5,083 11.2 2,679
Sex
Male 8.3 27,563 8.0 5,263 7.0 4,024 7.8 2,790 9.6 3,489 7.4 6,755 14.6 1,456 11.0 2,439 11.0 1,347
Female 9.3 23,518 8.3 6,530 6.8 1,849 7.9 890 9.5 4,891 7.0 2,042 15.0 3,340 11.0 2,644 11.5 1,332
Citizenship status
U.S. citizen or permanent resident 9.1 34,941 8.0 8,508 6.6 3,620 7.4 1,688 9.6 6,626 6.8 4,101 15.4 4,222 11.0 4,371 12.3 1,805
Temporary visa holder 8.3 15,683 8.4 3,200 7.4 2,201 8.0 1,967 9.4 1,665 7.6 4,613 11.7 533 11.1 653 9.9 851
Ethnicity and race (U.S. citizens and permanent residents)
Hispanic or Latino 9.3 2,511 7.7 648 6.7 183 7.0 95 9.9 569 7.0 269 13.7 318 11.0 311 13.4 118
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native 13.4 122 11.0 26 5.7 6 D D 12.3 29 15.4 8 16.8 29 15.2 18 D D
Asian 8.8 3,006 8.3 890 7.0 297 8.7 208 10.1 411 7.2 629 13.9 206 12.3 177 11.0 188
Black or African American 12.0 2,304 10.3 497 8.1 90 10.1 77 11.3 482 9.6 171 15.4 630 12.0 168 16.0 189
White 9.0 25,220 8.0 6,040 6.6 2,861 7.3 1,196 9.3 4,758 6.6 2,776 16.0 2,862 10.9 3,496 12.0 1,231
More than one race 8.6 1,025 7.9 260 6.7 110 6.1 64 9.3 216 7.0 120 13.3 101 11.0 111 12.0 43
Other race or race not reported 10.3 246 8.8 45 7.0 17 D D 10.9 64 7.2 34 15.6 31 10.9 26 D D
Ethnicity not reported 9.0 507 8.0 102 6.8 56 6.9 30 9.2 97 6.8 94 16.0 45 14.3 64 13.7 19
Years since entering graduate school
All doctorate recipientsd 7.3 49,842 6.7 11,649 6.1 5,754 6.9 3,598 7.9 8,087 6.5 8,574 11.7 4,621 9.3 4,953 9.0 2,606
Sex
Male 7.1 26,969 6.7 5,217 6.2 3,942 6.9 2,739 7.8 3,377 6.7 6,603 11.7 1,409 9.2 2,373 8.7 1,309
Female 7.7 22,873 6.7 6,432 6.0 1,812 7.0 859 7.9 4,710 6.3 1,971 11.9 3,212 9.3 2,580 9.2 1,297
Citizenship status
U.S. citizen or permanent resident 7.5 34,087 6.7 8,399 6.0 3,552 6.7 1,643 7.7 6,411 6.0 3,978 12.3 4,076 9.3 4,271 9.6 1,757
Temporary visa holder 7.3 15,497 7.3 3,193 6.7 2,174 7.0 1,937 8.2 1,631 6.7 4,554 9.2 520 9.7 654 8.3 834
Ethnicity and race (U.S. citizens and permanent residents)
Hispanic or Latino 7.7 2,413 6.7 635 6.0 173 6.7 89 8.0 532 6.3 266 11.0 305 9.7 300 10.0 113
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native 10.3 121 9.5 25 6.1 8 D D 8.8 30 11.2 8 D D 13.7 19 D D
Asian 7.3 2,996 7.0 894 6.0 296 7.0 207 8.3 412 6.3 624 11.0 198 10.3 179 9.0 186
Black or African American 9.8 2,240 8.0 499 6.7 91 8.7 73 9.7 469 7.7 165 12.7 597 9.7 164 11.8 182
White 7.3 24,898 6.4 6,020 6.0 2,833 6.6 1,182 7.5 4,658 6.0 2,743 12.5 2,805 9.0 3,451 9.3 1,206
More than one race 7.0 1,015 6.3 259 6.0 110 5.8 64 8.0 213 6.0 117 10.8 99 9.2 110 8.7 43
Other race or race not reported 8.1 217 6.7 41 6.0 13 D D 8.7 59 6.5 28 D D 9.3 23 D D
Ethnicity not reported 7.7 187 7.6 26 5.7 28 7.3 15 6.9 38 7.0 27 13.2 19 11.6 25 13.8 9
Years since entering doctoral programe
All doctorate recipientsf 5.7 48,919 5.7 11,504 5.7 5,662 5.7 3,552 6.0 7,884 5.3 8,392 6.0 4,534 7.0 4,858 5.3 2,533
Sex
Male 5.7 26,503 5.7 5,161 5.7 3,875 5.7 2,701 5.9 3,303 5.3 6,471 5.9 1,386 6.9 2,331 5.1 1,275
Female 5.7 22,415 5.7 6,343 5.4 1,787 5.7 851 6.0 4,581 5.3 1,921 6.0 3,148 7.0 2,527 5.7 1,257
Citizenship status
U.S. citizen or permanent resident 5.9 33,331 5.7 8,258 5.7 3,482 5.7 1,628 6.0 6,223 5.3 3,880 6.0 3,987 7.0 4,169 5.7 1,704
Temporary visa holder 5.3 15,299 5.3 3,182 5.4 2,151 5.3 1,906 5.7 1,611 5.0 4,464 5.3 520 6.7 652 5.0 813
Ethnicity and race (U.S. citizens and permanent residents)
Hispanic or Latino 6.0 2,346 5.7 620 5.7 168 5.7 87 6.3 513 5.3 259 6.5 296 7.3 293 6.0 110
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native 6.7 115 6.0 23 6.5 7 D D 7.0 28 5.8 8 D D 7.7 19 D D
Asian 5.7 2,928 5.7 878 5.7 291 5.8 206 6.0 402 5.5 602 6.6 194 7.3 176 5.7 179
Black or African American 6.1 2,160 5.7 482 5.9 90 5.7 71 6.6 443 5.9 161 6.3 579 7.0 159 5.9 175
White 5.7 24,393 5.7 5,930 5.7 2,779 5.7 1,171 6.0 4,539 5.3 2,680 6.0 2,753 7.0 3,368 5.3 1,173
More than one race 5.8 986 5.7 254 5.7 106 5.0 63 6.0 206 5.6 115 5.9 94 7.0 108 5.6 40
Other race or race not reported 6.1 213 6.0 44 5.5 14 D D 6.0 56 5.5 28 D D 7.9 20 D D
Ethnicity not reported 6.0 190 6.2 27 5.5 27 6.1 16 5.7 36 5.5 27 6.2 21 8.0 26 7.8 10