Table 24. U.S. citizen and permanent resident doctorate recipients, by major field of study, ethnicity, and race: 2016
(Percent distribution)
| Field of study |
All U.S. citizen and permanent resident doctorate recipients (number) |
Total |
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
| Hispanic or Latino |
Not Hispanic or Latino |
Ethnicity not reported |
| American Indian or Alaska Native |
Asian |
Black or African American |
White |
More than one race |
Other race or race not reported |
| All fields |
35,719 |
100.0 |
7.2 |
0.4 |
8.6 |
6.6 |
71.5 |
2.9 |
0.8 |
2.1 |
| Life sciences |
8,697 |
100.0 |
7.5 |
0.3 |
10.5 |
5.9 |
70.3 |
3.0 |
0.6 |
1.8 |
| Agricultural sciences and natural resources |
773 |
100.0 |
6.0 |
0.6 |
6.7 |
3.9 |
77.7 |
2.2 |
0.5 |
2.3 |
| Biological and biomedical sciences |
6,225 |
100.0 |
7.9 |
0.2 |
11.4 |
4.5 |
70.3 |
3.4 |
0.7 |
1.7 |
| Health sciences |
1,699 |
100.0 |
6.8 |
0.6 |
9.1 |
11.8 |
67.2 |
2.2 |
0.5 |
1.8 |
| Physical sciences and earth sciences |
3,666 |
100.0 |
5.1 |
0.2 |
8.2 |
2.6 |
78.5 |
3.0 |
0.5 |
1.9 |
| Chemistry |
1,579 |
100.0 |
5.5 |
0.1 |
9.5 |
4.1 |
75.4 |
3.3 |
0.4 |
1.8 |
| Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences |
802 |
100.0 |
5.2 |
0.5 |
6.1 |
1.2 |
82.4 |
2.5 |
0.2 |
1.7 |
| Physics and astronomy |
1,285 |
100.0 |
4.4 |
0.2 |
8.0 |
1.8 |
79.8 |
3.0 |
0.7 |
2.2 |
| Mathematics and computer sciences |
1,730 |
100.0 |
5.5 |
0.2 |
12.5 |
4.5 |
69.8 |
3.8 |
0.9 |
2.8 |
| Computer and information sciences |
783 |
100.0 |
4.2 |
0.0 |
15.2 |
5.4 |
68.3 |
3.2 |
1.1 |
2.6 |
| Mathematics and statistics |
947 |
100.0 |
6.7 |
0.3 |
10.2 |
3.8 |
71.1 |
4.2 |
0.7 |
3.0 |
| Psychology and social sciences |
6,830 |
100.0 |
8.5 |
0.4 |
6.3 |
7.2 |
71.0 |
3.2 |
1.1 |
2.3 |
| Psychology |
3,371 |
100.0 |
9.1 |
0.3 |
5.6 |
6.9 |
71.4 |
3.3 |
0.9 |
2.6 |
| Anthropology |
360 |
100.0 |
10.6 |
1.4 |
4.2 |
4.7 |
73.6 |
3.6 |
1.7 |
0.3 |
| Economics |
521 |
100.0 |
6.0 |
0.2 |
11.7 |
3.5 |
72.6 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
3.6 |
| Political science and government |
579 |
100.0 |
7.4 |
0.5 |
5.0 |
4.7 |
76.2 |
3.6 |
0.9 |
1.7 |
| Sociology |
508 |
100.0 |
6.5 |
0.2 |
6.3 |
8.5 |
71.9 |
4.1 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
| Other social sciences |
1,491 |
100.0 |
8.9 |
0.6 |
6.9 |
10.6 |
66.5 |
3.1 |
1.2 |
2.3 |
| Engineering |
4,181 |
100.0 |
6.5 |
0.2 |
15.4 |
4.1 |
67.2 |
2.9 |
0.8 |
2.9 |
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering |
233 |
100.0 |
7.3 |
0.9 |
9.0 |
2.6 |
70.8 |
4.3 |
0.9 |
4.3 |
| Bioengineering and biomedical engineering |
746 |
100.0 |
6.7 |
0.0 |
21.7 |
3.2 |
62.6 |
3.5 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
| Chemical engineering |
470 |
100.0 |
6.8 |
0.0 |
16.0 |
2.3 |
69.4 |
2.3 |
0.6 |
2.6 |
| Civil engineering |
219 |
100.0 |
7.3 |
0.5 |
11.0 |
3.2 |
72.1 |
2.7 |
0.5 |
2.7 |
| Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering |
547 |
100.0 |
5.1 |
0.2 |
19.7 |
6.0 |
60.5 |
2.9 |
0.4 |
5.1 |
| Industrial and manufacturing engineering |
82 |
100.0 |
11.0 |
0.0 |
15.9 |
8.5 |
57.3 |
2.4 |
3.7 |
1.2 |
| Materials science engineering |
456 |
100.0 |
7.9 |
0.0 |
14.0 |
3.9 |
67.3 |
3.7 |
0.2 |
2.9 |
| Mechanical engineering |
585 |
100.0 |
5.5 |
0.0 |
13.5 |
3.6 |
71.1 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
4.1 |
| Other engineering |
843 |
100.0 |
6.0 |
0.5 |
11.4 |
5.5 |
70.3 |
2.8 |
1.2 |
2.3 |
| Education |
4,303 |
100.0 |
7.5 |
0.7 |
4.9 |
14.9 |
67.1 |
2.3 |
0.8 |
1.8 |
| Education administration |
730 |
100.0 |
6.0 |
0.8 |
2.3 |
23.4 |
62.5 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
2.2 |
| Education research |
1,981 |
100.0 |
7.9 |
0.7 |
5.4 |
13.8 |
67.0 |
2.7 |
0.8 |
1.7 |
| Teacher education |
159 |
100.0 |
3.1 |
1.3 |
3.1 |
16.4 |
69.8 |
2.5 |
0.0 |
3.8 |
| Teaching fields |
949 |
100.0 |
7.5 |
0.5 |
5.2 |
10.0 |
73.6 |
1.6 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
| Other education |
484 |
100.0 |
9.3 |
0.8 |
6.8 |
15.3 |
61.2 |
3.5 |
0.2 |
2.9 |
| Humanities and arts |
4,447 |
100.0 |
7.2 |
0.4 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
79.3 |
2.5 |
0.6 |
2.1 |
| Foreign languages and literature |
399 |
100.0 |
23.1 |
0.5 |
3.3 |
0.8 |
68.4 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
2.3 |
| History |
949 |
100.0 |
8.0 |
0.3 |
3.6 |
5.4 |
77.4 |
2.8 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
| Letters |
1,314 |
100.0 |
4.2 |
0.3 |
3.8 |
3.3 |
83.6 |
2.1 |
0.5 |
2.2 |
| Other humanities and arts |
1,785 |
100.0 |
5.3 |
0.6 |
4.6 |
4.0 |
79.6 |
3.0 |
0.6 |
2.2 |
| Othera |
1,865 |
100.0 |
6.6 |
0.2 |
10.1 |
10.6 |
67.0 |
2.3 |
0.9 |
2.3 |
| Business management and administration |
845 |
100.0 |
6.6 |
0.4 |
14.4 |
9.6 |
63.7 |
2.2 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
| Communication |
472 |
100.0 |
7.2 |
0.0 |
5.5 |
6.4 |
76.1 |
2.5 |
0.4 |
1.9 |
| Non-S&E fields not elsewhere classified |
548 |
100.0 |
6.2 |
0.0 |
7.5 |
15.7 |
64.4 |
2.2 |
0.7 |
3.3 |
| Unknown field |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |