by Michael Yamaner [1]
In FY 2014, federal agencies obligated $30.8 billion to 996 academic institutions for science and engineering (S&E) activities, a 6% increase in current dollars from the $29.1 billion obligated to 995 academic institutions in FY 2013. This is the first increase in S&E funding to academic institutions since FY 2009. These statistics are from the Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions from the National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NSF, NCSES).
After adjustment for inflation, federal S&E obligations to academic institutions declined by $2.1 billion (7%) from FY 2012 to FY 2013 and increased by $1.2 billion (4%) between FY 2013 and FY 2014 (table 1). For the remainder of this InfoBrief, unless otherwise noted, amounts for FY 2014 obligations are in current dollars.
S&E = science and engineering. NOTES: Gross domestic product implicit price deflators were used to convert current to constant dollars. Detail may not sum to total due to rounding. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions. |
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Fiscal year | All federal obligations |
Research and development |
R&D plant |
Facilities and equipment for instruction in S&E |
Fellowships traineeships and training grants |
General support for S&E |
Other S&E activities |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current $millions | |||||||
2012 | 30,882 | 27,387 | 424 | 4 | 913 | 141 | 2,013 |
2013 | 29,072 | 25,854 | 246 | 4 | 892 | 132 | 1,944 |
2014 | 30,763 | 27,333 | 335 | 11 | 1,336 | 137 | 1,610 |
Constant FY 2009 $millions |
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2012 | 29,513 | 26,173 | 405 | 4 | 873 | 135 | 1,924 |
2013 | 27,370 | 24,340 | 232 | 4 | 840 | 124 | 1,830 |
2014 | 28,534 | 25,353 | 311 | 10 | 1,239 | 127 | 1,493 |
Federal academic S&E obligations include six categories: research and development (89% of total federal academic S&E obligations annually over the past 3 years); R&D plant; facilities and equipment for instruction in S&E; fellowships, traineeships, and training grants; general support for S&E; and other S&E activities (table 1).
Federal academic R&D obligations increased by $1.5 billion (6%) between FY 2013 and FY 2014. Four of the five remaining categories showed increased funding in FY 2014, with fellowships, traineeships, and training grants showing the second largest increase ($0.4 billion) and R&D plant the third largest ($89 million). Other S&E activities decreased 17% ($0.3 billion in FY 2014) (table 1).
Collectively, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), NSF, and the Department of Defense (DOD) provided 85% of all federally funded academic S&E obligations in FY 2014. Of these agencies, HHS accounted for 57% of all federally funded obligations; NSF, 16%; and DOD, 12%. The Department of Agriculture, Department of Energy, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration provided most of the remaining academic S&E total (12%). All six of the largest academic S&E funding agencies showed increased obligations between FY 2013 and FY 2014 (table 2).
DOD = Department of Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; HHS = Department of Health and Human Services; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF = National Science Foundation; USDA = Department of Agriculture. a Includes data for the Departments of Commerce, Education, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, the Interior, and Transportation; Agency for International Development; Environmental Protection Agency; Appalachian Regional Commission; Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Office of Justice Programs (part of Department of Justice); and Social Security Administration. NOTES: Gross domestic product implicit price deflators were used to convert current to constant dollars. Detail may not sum to total due to rounding. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions. |
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Fiscal year | All agencies |
HHS | NSF | DOD | DOE | USDA | NASA | Other agenciesa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current $millions | ||||||||
2012 | 30,882 | 17,907 | 5,128 | 3,647 | 1,020 | 1,221 | 971 | 989 |
2013 | 29,072 | 16,849 | 4,926 | 3,373 | 1,056 | 1,136 | 885 | 847 |
2014 | 30,763 | 17,481 | 4,982 | 3,696 | 1,504 | 1,300 | 951 | 848 |
Constant FY 2009 $millions |
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2012 | 29,513 | 17,113 | 4,901 | 3,485 | 1,167 | 975 | 928 | 945 |
2013 | 27,370 | 15,862 | 4,638 | 3,175 | 1,069 | 994 | 833 | 797 |
2014 | 28,534 | 16,215 | 4,621 | 3,428 | 1,206 | 1,395 | 882 | 787 |
The Johns Hopkins University (including its Applied Physics Laboratory) continued to be the leading academic recipient of federal S&E obligations ($1.7 billion in FY 2014). DOD provided Johns Hopkins with the largest share of federal S&E funds (50% of its FY 2014 total). The leading 20 universities, ranked in terms of federal academic S&E obligations, accounted for 38% of the FY 2014 federal total. Of these universities, 18 were also ranked among the top 20 recipients in FY 2013. In FY 2014, the Georgia Institute of Technology's rank fell from 19th to 25th and Washington University, Saint Louis's rank rose from 21st to 17th. Cornell University moved from 22nd to 20th by trading places with Vanderbilt University in FY 2014 (table 3).
DOD = Department of Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; HHS = Department of Health and Human Services; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF = National Science Foundation; USDA = Department of Agriculture. a Includes data for the Departments of Commerce, Education, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, the Interior, and Transportation; Agency for International Development; Environmental Protection Agency; Appalachian Regional Commission; Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Office of Justice Programs (part of Department of Justice); and Social Security Administration. b Includes funding for Applied Physics Laboratory. NOTE: Detail may not sum to total due to rounding. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions, FY 2014. |
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Institution | All federal obligations |
HHS | NSF | DOD | DOE | USDA | NASA | Other agenciesa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All institutions | 30,762,640 | 17,480,936 | 4,982,327 | 3,696,132 | 1,503,607 | 1,300,376 | 950,938 | 848,325 |
Top 20 institutions | 11,587,098 | 7,472,884 | 1,149,535 | 1,695,353 | 557,148 | 158,828 | 370,933 | 182,417 |
Johns Hopkins U.b | 1,676,949 | 620,955 | 40,132 | 842,741 | 5,840 | 43 | 164,337 | 2,902 |
U. Michigan | 913,038 | 420,147 | 81,221 | 50,229 | 282,195 | 1,302 | 61,996 | 15,948 |
U. Washington | 717,738 | 461,879 | 86,268 | 89,908 | 24,641 | 14,298 | 11,524 | 29,221 |
U. California, San Diego | 621,902 | 393,255 | 94,309 | 81,862 | 21,786 | 34 | 7,959 | 22,697 |
U. Pennsylvania | 596,355 | 492,264 | 36,632 | 53,778 | 9,044 | 718 | 2,605 | 1,314 |
U. California, San Francisco | 582,895 | 552,916 | 5,452 | 23,783 | 125 | 0 | 520 | 100 |
Stanford U. | 531,655 | 391,411 | 51,210 | 66,558 | 7,870 | 12 | 11,764 | 2,830 |
U. California, Los Angeles | 523,218 | 375,029 | 72,368 | 39,853 | 22,447 | 15 | 12,391 | 1,116 |
U. Pittsburgh | 508,518 | 432,395 | 20,383 | 47,240 | 5,834 | 0 | 689 | 1,976 |
Harvard U. | 499,289 | 381,995 | 53,321 | 43,875 | 10,511 | 0 | 7,568 | 2,019 |
Columbia U. in the City of New York | 489,857 | 352,968 | 86,240 | 21,186 | 8,127 | 165 | 16,442 | 4,729 |
Duke U. | 475,962 | 366,577 | 45,270 | 37,603 | 10,527 | 2,450 | 2,689 | 10,845 |
U. North Carolina, Chapel Hill | 474,387 | 416,281 | 31,201 | 10,713 | 6,836 | 240 | 203 | 8,912 |
U. Colorado | 453,639 | 241,857 | 63,365 | 30,671 | 15,096 | 1,465 | 42,772 | 58,412 |
U. Wisconsin-Madison | 447,273 | 266,808 | 80,801 | 17,676 | 50,759 | 29,507 | 0 | 1,723 |
Yale U. | 429,890 | 364,153 | 34,611 | 17,882 | 8,342 | 215 | 2,213 | 2,474 |
Washington U., Saint Louis | 423,968 | 386,413 | 11,808 | 8,602 | 10,691 | 78 | 6,293 | 83 |
Pennsylvania State U. | 423,035 | 111,679 | 64,679 | 165,268 | 29,937 | 35,398 | 9,697 | 6,377 |
U. Minnesota | 421,524 | 262,226 | 79,224 | 22,553 | 15,291 | 31,304 | 4,794 | 6,132 |
Cornell U. | 376,006 | 181,676 | 111,040 | 23,372 | 11,249 | 41,584 | 4,477 | 2,607 |
All other academic institutions | 19,175,541 | 10,008,052 | 3,832,792 | 2,000,778 | 946,459 | 1,141,548 | 580,005 | 665,908 |
NSF collects statistics on federal obligations to independent nonprofit institutions for two of the six S&E categories: R&D and R&D plant. During FY 2014, federal agencies obligated $6.4 billion to 1,070 nonprofit institutions, a decrease of 3% from the $6.6 billion reported in FY 2013. DOD accounted for the largest decrease in funding ($407 million). Massachusetts General Hospital received the most federal R&D and R&D plant funds ($350 million) among nonprofits in FY 2014, with HHS providing 99% of this funding (table 4).
DOD = Department of Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; HHS = Department of Health and Human Services; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF = National Science Foundation. a Includes data for the Departments of Commerce, Education, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, the Interior, Labor, and Transportation; Agency for International Development; Environmental Protection Agency; Appalachian Regional Commission; Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Office of Justice Programs (part of Department of Justice); and Social Security Administration. NOTE: Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions, FY 2014. |
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Institution | All federal obligations |
HHS | DOD | NSF | NASA | DOE | Other agenciesa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All nonprofit institutions | 6,379,295 | 4,240,988 | 841,296 | 491,716 | 380,212 | 139,829 | 285,256 |
Top 10 nonprofit institutions | 2,131,295 | 1,384,308 | 467,403 | 127,673 | 117,796 | 27,982 | 6,132 |
Massachusetts General Hospital | 349,639 | 344,486 | 4,113 | 630 | 0 | 100 | 310 |
Brigham and Women's Hospital | 312,197 | 308,221 | 2,603 | 625 | 748 | 0 | 0 |
Mayo Clinic | 238,873 | 234,497 | 4,314 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
Battelle Memorial Institute, all locations | 238,735 | 33,870 | 178,193 | 0 | 0 | 26,410 | 262 |
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center | 235,417 | 235,076 | 146 | 195 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy | 215,510 | 0 | 0 | 98,463 | 117,048 | 0 | 0 |
RAND Corp. | 148,705 | 32,762 | 112,639 | 994 | 0 | 0 | 2,310 |
SRI International | 132,428 | 41,598 | 59,739 | 26,419 | 0 | 1,472 | 3,200 |
Broad Institute | 130,458 | 130,271 | 0 | 187 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine | 129,333 | 23,528 | 105,656 | 149 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
All other nonprofit institutions | 4,248,000 | 2,856,680 | 373,892 | 364,043 | 262,415 | 111,847 | 279,123 |
In FY 2014, the 10 leading nonprofit institutions in terms of federal S&E funds received 33% of the total funding to all nonprofits. Six of these recipients were hospitals or medical research institutes, and 8 of these leading 10 nonprofits in FY 2014 also ranked among the top 10 in the prior year.
Two nonprofits moved into the top 10, the Broad Institute (ranked 17th in FY 2013 and 9th in FY 2014) and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (ranked 16th in FY 2013 and 10th in FY 2014). Two nonprofits fell out of the top 10: Boston Children's Hospital (ranked 10th in FY 2013 and 11th in FY 2014) and MITRE Corporation (ranked 1st in FY 2013 and 41st in FY 2014) (table 4). MITRE's fall was due to DOD improving their reporting methodology, which enabled MITRE to identify and remove from their reports funding to federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs), some of which are administered by MITRE Corporation. Funding to FFRDCs is to be excluded by the departments and agencies reporting in this survey.
Gross domestic product implicit price deflators were used to convert current to constant dollars in this InfoBrief. The data on federal S&E obligations to academic and nonprofit institutions presented here were obtained from 18 agencies that responded to the FY 2014 Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions (Federal S&E Support Survey). The Federal S&E Support Survey collects federal S&E support data by funding agency, institution, type of activity, type of institution, and geographic location.
The six funding categories of federal S&E support are defined as follows:
The full set of detailed statistical tables on the FY 2014 Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions will be available online at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/fedsupport/. Individual tables may be available in advance of the full report. For more information, please contact the author.
[1] Michael Yamaner, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965, Arlington, VA 22230 (myamaner@nsf.gov; 703-292-7815).