| Table 4-21 |
| Gross expenditures on R&D by performing sector, by selected country/economy: 2009 or most recent year |
| (Percent) |
| |
| Country/economy |
Business |
Government |
Higher education |
Private nonprofit |
| |
| United States (2009)a |
70.3 |
11.7 |
13.5 |
4.4 |
| China (2009) |
73.2 |
18.7 |
8.1 |
0.0 |
| Japan (2009) |
75.8 |
9.2 |
13.4 |
1.6 |
| Germany (2009) |
67.5 |
14.9 |
17.6 |
** |
| France (2009) |
61.9 |
16.3 |
20.6 |
1.2 |
| South Korea (2008) |
75.4 |
12.1 |
11.1 |
1.4 |
| United Kingdom (2009) |
60.4 |
9.2 |
27.9 |
2.5 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Russian Federation (2009) |
62.4 |
30.3 |
7.1 |
0.2 |
| India (2007) |
33.9 |
61.7 |
4.4 |
** |
| Italy (2009) |
51.5 |
13.9 |
31.4 |
3.2 |
| Canada (2009) |
51.7 |
10.1 |
37.6 |
0.6 |
| Brazil (2004) |
40.2 |
21.3 |
38.4 |
0.1 |
| Taiwan (2008) |
70.1 |
16.8 |
12.8 |
0.4 |
| Spain (2009) |
51.9 |
20.1 |
27.8 |
0.2 |
| |
** = included in other performing sectors
aFigures for the United States in this table reflect international standards for calculating gross expenditures on R&D, which vary slightly from NSF protocol for tallying U.S. total R&D.
NOTES: Top 14 R&D performing countries. Year of data listed in parentheses. Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.
SOURCES: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Main Science and Technology Indicators (2011/1). Data for Brazil and India from United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics, http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx, table 27, accessed 18 July 2011.
Science and Engineering Indicators 2012 |
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