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• Overview
• Chapters
• 1. Elementary and Secondary Mathematics and Science Education
• 2. Higher Education in Science and Engineering
• 3. Science and Engineering Labor Force
• 4. Research and Development: National Trends and International Linkages
• 5. Academic Research and Development
• 6. Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace
• 7. Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding
• 8. State Indicators

Overview

Figure	Title	Image	Data
O-1	Estimated R&D expenditures worldwide: 1996–2007
O-2	R&D expenditures for United States, EU, and Asia: 1996–2007
O-3	R&D expenditures as share of economic output of selected countries: 1996–2007
O-4	Average annual growth of R&D expenditures for United States, EU-27, and selected Asia-8 economies: 1996–2007
O-5	Location of estimated worldwide R&D expenditures: 1996 and 2007
O-6	R&D performed by U.S. affiliates of foreign companies in United States, by investing region, and performed by foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational companies, by host region: 2006
O-7	Tertiary-educated population 15 years old or older, by country/economy: 1980 and 2000
O-8	First university degrees in natural sciences and engineering, selected countries: 1998–2006
O-9	Doctoral degrees in natural sciences and engineering, selected countries: 1993–2007
O-10	Number of researchers in selected regions/countries/economies: 1995–2007
O-11	Average annual growth in number of researchers in selected regions/countries/economies: 1995–2007
O-12	R&D employment of U.S.-based multinational corporations: 1994, 1999, and 2004
O-13	S&E journal articles produced by selected regions/countries: 1988–2008
O-14	Field shares of research articles for selected countries/economies: 2007
O-15	Engineering journal articles produced by selected regions/countries: 1998–2008
O-16	Engineering article share of total S&E article output for selected regions/countries/economies: 1988–2008
O-17	International coauthorship of S&E articles, by region/country: 1988–2007
O-18	Citations in U.S. S&E articles to non-U.S. publications: 1992–2007
O-19	Citations in Asia-10 S&E articles, by cited region/country: 1992–2007
O-20	Citations in China S&E articles, by cited region/country: 1992–2007
O-21	Share of region's/country's papers among world's most cited S&E articles: 2007
O-22	Share of U.S. patent grants for selected regions/countries: 1995–2008
O-23	Share of high-value patents, for selected regions/countries: 1997–2006
O-24	Value added of knowledge-intensive and high-technology industries as share of region's/country's GDP: 1995–2007
O-25	Global value added of knowledge- and technology-intensive industries: 1995–2007
O-26	Value added of commercial knowledge-intensive services, by selected region/country: 1995–2007
O-27	Value added of high-technology manufacturing industries, by selected region/country: 1995–2007
O-28	Global value added market shares of computer and office machinery manufacturing, by region/country: 1995–2007
O-29	Global high-technology exports as share of production: 1995–2008
O-30	Share of global high-technology exports, by region/country: 1995–2008
O-31	Global export shares in information and communications technology products, by region/country: 1995–2008
O-32	Selected Asian countries'/economies' share of high-technology exports to United States/EU and China: 1990–2008
O-33	China's high-technology exports to selected regions/countries: 1990–2008
O-34	Trade balance in high-technology goods for selected regions/countries: 1995–2008
O-35	U.S. imports, exports, and trade balance in commercial knowledge-intensive services: 1997–2007

1. Elementary and Secondary Mathematics and Science Education

Figure	Title	Image	Data
1-1	Mathematics achievement scores of kindergartners followed through grade 8, by kindergarten mathematics score quartile and mother's education: Fall 1998–spring 2007
1-2	Eighth graders proficient in various mathematics skill areas, by mother's education: Spring 2007
1-3	NAEP mathematics scores of students in grades 4 and 8 at various percentiles: 1990–2007
1-4	Average NAEP mathematics score of students in grades 4 and 8, by race/ethnicity: 1990–2007
1-5	Students meeting various NAEP proficiency levels in mathematics, grades 4 and 8: 1990–2007
1-6	U.S. average TIMSS scores, by grade: 1995, 1999, 2003, and 2007
1-7	Changes in selected nations' performance on TIMSS assessments, relative to U.S. performance: 1995 and 2007
1-8	Changes in selected nations' performance on PISA assessments of 15-year-olds, relative to U.S. performance: 2000 and 2006
1-9	Students in grade 4 whose teachers participated in various professional development activities in mathematics and science in the past 2 years: 2007
1-10	Weekly wages of full-time public school teachers and comparable workers: 1996–2006
1-11	Public school students in grade 5 whose teachers of mathematics and science agreed or strongly agreed with selected statements about their schools, by student characteristics: 2004
1-12	Schools and classrooms with Internet access, 1994–2005
1-13	On-time graduation rates of U.S. public high school students, by race/ethnicity: 2006
1-14	High school graduation rates, by OECD country: 2006
1-15	Postsecondary experiences of the class of 2004, by advanced mathematics and science credits in high school: 2006
1-16	High school graduates enrolled in college in October after completing high school, by sex and type of institution: 1975–2008

2. Higher Education in Science and Engineering

Figure	Title	Image	Data
2-1	Enrollment and degrees per thousand population and per billion dollars GDP: 1970–2006
2-2	Freshmen intending S&E major, by race/ethnicity: 1993–2008
2-3	Foreign undergraduate student enrollment in U.S. universities, by top 10 places of origin and field: April 2009
2-4	Engineering enrollment, by level: 1979–2007
2-5	S&E bachelor's degrees, by field: 1993–2007
2-6	Female share of S&E bachelor's degrees, by field: 1993–2007
2-7	Minority share of S&E bachelor's degrees, by race/ethnicity: 1995–2007
2-8	S&E graduate enrollment, by citizenship and race/ethnicity: 1993–2006
2-9	Full-time S&E graduate students, by field and mechanism of primary support: 2006
2-10	Full-time S&E graduate students with primary support from federal government, by field: 1996 and 2006
2-11	S&E master's degrees, by field: 1993–2007
2-12	S&E master's degrees, by sex: 1993–2007
2-13	S&E master's degrees, by race/ethnicity and citizenship: 1995–2007
2-14	S&E doctoral degrees earned in U.S. universities, by field: 1993–2007
2-15	S&E doctoral degrees earned by U.S. citizen and permanent resident underrepresented minorities, by race/ethnicity: 1995–2007
2-16	S&E doctoral degrees, by sex, race/ethnicity, and citizenship: 1995–2007
2-17	U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients, by selected Asian country/economy of origin: 1987–2007
2-18	U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients, by selected Western European country: 1987–2007
2-19	U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients from Europe, by region: 1987–2007
2-20	U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients from Canada and Mexico: 1987–2007
2-21	Plans of foreign recipients of U.S. S&E doctorates to stay in United States: 1987–2007
2-22	Short-term stay rates of foreign recipients of U.S. S&E doctorates, by place of origin: 1996–99 and 2004–07
2-23	Postdoctoral students at U.S. universities, by field: 1993–2006
2-24	Postdoctoral students at U.S. universities, by field and citizenship status: 1993–2006
2-25	Attainment of tertiary-type A and advanced research programs, by country and age group: 2006
2-26	First university natural sciences and engineering degrees, by selected countries: 1998–2006
2-27	Natural sciences and engineering doctoral degrees, by selected country: 1993–2006
2-28	Foreign students enrolled in tertiary education, by country: 2006

3. Science and Engineering Labor Force

Figure	Title	Image	Data
3-1	Employment in S&T occupations: 1950–2007
3-2	Average annual growth rates of total workforce and workforce in S&E occupations: 1960–2007
3-3	U.S. workforce in S&E occupations: 1983–2007
3-4	Annual average growth rate of degree production and occupational employment, by S&E field: 1980–2000
3-5	Educational attainment by type of occupation: 2007
3-6	S&E degree background of workers in S&E occupations: 2006
3-7	S&E degree holders working in S&E occupations, by degree field: 2006
3-8	Employed S&E degree holders in jobs related to highest degree, by years since degree: 2006
3-9	S&E bachelor's degree holders employed in jobs closely related to degree, by field and years since degree: 2006
3-10	Intersection of highest degree in S&E and S&E occupation: 2006
3-11	Measures of the S&E workforce: 2003
3-12	Distribution of S&E degree holders with R&D as major work activity, by level of education: 2006
3-13	Distribution of individuals with highest degree in S&E with R&D as major work activity, by field of highest degree: 2006
3-14	S&E doctorate holders engaged in R&D as major work activity, by years since degree: 2006
3-15	Employment sector for individuals whose highest degree is in S&E and for S&E doctorate holders: 2006
3-16	Largest sectors of employment for individuals in S&E occupations: May 2007
3-17	Self-employment rates of workers whose highest degree is in S&E, by degree level and type of self-employment: 2006
3-18	Self-employment rates of workers whose highest degree is in S&E, by degree level and age: 2006
3-19	Self-employment rates of workers whose highest degree is in S&E, by degree level and field: 2006
3-20	Individuals with highest degree in S&E employed in private business, by employer size: 2006
3-21	Age distribution of individuals in labor force with highest degree in S&E: 2003
3-22	Age distribution of individuals in labor force with highest degree in S&E, by degree level: 2003
3-23	Cumulative age distribution of individuals in labor force whose highest degree is in S&E, by degree level: 2003
3-24	Age distribution of S&E doctorate holders in labor force: 1993 and 2003
3-25	Employed S&E degree holders older than 50, by selected field of highest degree: 2006
3-26	Full-time labor force participation by older individuals with highest degree in S&E, by age and degree level: 2006
3-27	College-educated women and racial/ethnic minorities in S&E occupations: 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2007
3-28	Women and racial/ethnic minority doctorate holders in S&E occupations: 1990, 2000, and 2007
3-29	Representation of women among workers whose highest degree is S&E bachelor's, by year of degree: 2006
3-30	Representation of women among workers whose highest degree is S&E doctorate, by year of doctorate: 2006
3-31	Age distribution of individuals in S&E occupations, by sex: 2003
3-32	Age distribution of doctorate holders in S&E occupations, by sex: 2003
3-33	Age distribution of individuals in S&E occupations, by race/ethnicity: 2003
3-34	Age distribution of S&E doctorate holders in S&E occupations, by race/ethnicity: 2003
3-35	Estimated differences in full-time salary between women and men with highest degree in S&E, controlling for level of degree and other characteristics: 2006
3-36	Estimated differences in full-time salary of underrepresented minorities versus non-Hispanic whites and Asians with highest degree in S&E, controlling for level of degree and other characteristics: 2006
3-37	Median salaries for bachelor's degree holders, by broad field classification and years since degree: 2003
3-38	Salary distribution of S&E degree holders employed full time, by degree level: 2003
3-39	Median salaries of S&E graduates, by degree level and years since degree: 2003
3-40	Unemployment rate, by occupation: 1983–2008
3-41	Estimated unemployment rates over previous 3 months for workers in S&E occupations and selected other categories: March 2008 to September 2009
3-42	Unemployment rates for individuals whose highest degree is in S&E, by years since degree: 1999 and 2003
3-43	Involuntarily out-of-field rate of individuals whose highest degree is in S&E, by years since degree: 1993 and 2003
3-44	Doctorate recipients holding tenure and tenure-track appointments at academic institutions 4–6 years after degree, by field: 1993–2006
3-45	Field of doctorate of U.S.-educated S&E doctorate recipients in postdoc positions: Fall 2005
3-46	U.S. S&E doctorate holders ever holding postdoc, by field and year of doctorate: 2006
3-47	Former postdocs' evaluation of how much most recent postdoc position enhanced career opportunities, by year of doctorate: 2006
3-48	Estimated number of researchers in selected regions/countries/economies: 1995–2007
3-49	Tertiary-educated population more than 15 years old, by country: 2000 or most recent year
3-50	Top 11 countries of origin of persons having at least tertiary-level education and residing in OECD countries: 2000
3-51	R&D employment of U.S. MNCs at their foreign affiliates and foreign MNCs at their U.S. affiliates: 1994, 1999, and 2004
3-52	R&D employment of U.S. MNC parent companies in the United States and their foreign affiliates: 1994, 1999, and 2004
3-53	Native-born and foreign-born workers in S&E occupations, by degree level: 2003 and 2007
3-54	Foreign-born individuals with highest degree in S&E living in United States, by place of birth: 2003
3-55	Foreign-born S&E degree holders whose highest degree is from a foreign institution, by year of entry to United States: 2003
3-56	Foreign-born S&E degree holders, by citizenship/visa status and year of entry to United States: 1980–99
3-57	Temporary work visas issued in categories that include many high-skilled workers: FY 1989–2008
3-58	Occupations of new recipients of U.S. H-1B temporary work visas: FY 2006
3-59	Country of citizenship for new recipients of U.S. H-1B temporary work visas: FY 2006
3-60	Country of citizenship of doctorate holders who are new recipients of U.S. H-1B temporary work visas: FY 2006
3-61	Five-year stay rates for recipients of U.S. S&E doctorates who have temporary U.S. visas, by place of origin and year of doctorate: 1992–2007
3-A	Bureau of Labor Statistics projections of increase in employment for S&E and selected other occupations: 2006–16
3-B	Bureau of Labor Statistics projections of 2006–16 job openings as percentage of 2006 employment
3-C	Patenting activity rate of scientists and engineers, by broad field and level of highest degree: 2003
3-D	Distribution of patenting activity of scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree: 2003
3-E	Entry to Japan of workers with selected classes of high-skilled temporary visas: 1990–2005

4. Research and Development: National Trends and International Linkages

Figure	Title	Image	Data
4-1	U.S. total R&D expenditures: 1953–2008
4-2	Shares of national R&D expenditures, by performing and funding sectors: 2008
4-3	National R&D, by performing and funding sectors, 1953–2008
4-4	National R&D expenditures, by funding source: 1953–2008
4-5	National R&D, by character of work, and basic research, by funding and performing sectors: 2008
4-6	R&D performing sectors and funding sources, by character of work: 2008
4-7	Federal R&D budget authority, by budget function: FY 1980–2008
4-8	Projected federal obligations for R&D, by agency and character of work: FY 2008
4-9	Federal obligations for R&D, by performing sector: FY 1955–2008
4-10	Federal obligations for research, by agency and major S&E field: FY 2008
4-11	Research and experimentation credit claims as percentage of industry-funded R&D: 1990–2006
4-12	National R&D expenditures and share of world total, by region: 2007
4-13	Gross domestic expenditures on R&D by United States, EU-27, OECD, and selected other countries: 1981–2007
4-14	Composition of gross domestic product for selected countries, by sector: 2008
4-15	U.S. R&D share of gross domestic product: 1953–2008
4-16	Gross expenditures on R&D as share of gross domestic product, for selected countries: 1981–2007
4-17	Business R&D financed by foreign sources, for selected countries: 1981–2007
4-18	Share of industrial R&D, by industry sector and selected country: 2005–2007
4-19	Academic R&D financed by business for selected countries: 1981–2007
4-20	R&D performed by U.S. affiliates of foreign companies in United States, by investing region, and performed by foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational corporations, by host region: 2006
4-21	Regional shares of R&D performed abroad by foreign affiliates of U.S. MNCs: 1994–2006
4-22	R&D contracted out in United States by manufacturing companies as ratio of company-funded and -performed R&D: 1993–2007
4-23	U.S. industrial technology alliances with U.S. and foreign-owned companies, worldwide, by country/region of partner: 1990–2006
4-24	SBIR funding, by type: 1983–2006
4-A	Energy R&D budgets of national governments of selected IEA members: 1997–2007 (corrected April 2011)
4-B	Combined energy R&D budgets of IEA members, by technology type: 1997–2007 (corrected April 2011)
4-C	Discrepancy in U.S. performer-reported and agency-reported federal R&D: 1980–2007

5. Academic Research and Development

Figure	Title	Image	Data
5-1	Academic R&D, basic and applied research, and basic research as share of U.S. total from all performing sectors in each category: 1970–2008
5-2	Sources of academic R&D funding: 1972–2008
5-3	Federal and nonfederal academic R&D expenditures: 1996–2008
5-4	Academic R&D expenditures, by field: 1998–2008
5-5	Changes in share of academic R&D in selected S&E fields: 1990–2000 and 2000–08
5-6	Federally financed academic R&D expenditures, by agency and field: FY 2008
5-7	Sources of academic R&D funding for public and private institutions: 2008
5-8	Components of institutional R&D expenditures for public and private academic institutions: 1998–2008
5-9	Academic R&D, by rank of university and college academic R&D expenditures: 1988–2008
5-10	Total and federally funded academic R&D pass-throughs: FY 2000–08
5-11	Current fund expenditures for research equipment at academic institutions, by field: 1998–2008
5-12	S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by degree field: 1973–2006
5-13	S&E doctorate holders, by type of academic appointment: 1973–2006
5-14	Women as percentage of S&E doctorate holders employed in academia with research as a primary or secondary work activity, by position: Selected years, 1973–2006
5-15	Women as percentage of full-time S&E research faculty, by field: Selected years, 1973–2006
5-16	Minorities as percentage of S&E doctorate holders, by position: 2006
5-17	Recent S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by position: 1979–2006
5-18	S&E doctorate holders employed in academia 4–7 years after receiving degree, by position: 1979–2006
5-19	S&E doctorate holders employed in academia with federal support, by years since doctorate: 1973–2006
5-20	S&E article output, by major S&E publishing region/country: 1995–2007
5-21	Share of world S&E articles coauthored domestically and internationally: 1988–2008
5-22	S&E article output of U.S. nonacademic sectors: 1996–2008
5-23	Total, domestic, and international citations: 1992–2008
5-24	United States, EU, China, Japan, and Asia-8 share of cited papers, by citation percentile: 2008
5-25	Index of highly cited articles, by selected field and region/country: 1998 and 2008
5-26	U.S. academic patents, by selected technology area: 1988–2008
5-27	Citations in U.S. patents to S&E articles, by selected article field: 1998–2008
5-28	Academic share of U.S. patent citations to U.S. articles, by selected field: 1998, 2003, 2008
5-A	Share of Iran's S&E articles coauthored domestically and internationally: 1988–2008
5-B	U.S. academic S&E article output, S&E article author names, academic R&D expenditures, and academic R&D workforce: 1988–2007

6. Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace

Figure	Title	Image	Data
6-1	Global output of knowledge- and technology-intensive industries as a share of global GDP: 1992–2007
6-2	Output of knowledge- and technology-intensive industries as a share of GDP, by selected region/country: 1992–2007
6-3	Output of commercial knowledge-intensive services as a share of GDP, by selected region/country: 1992–2007
6-4	Output of high-technology manufacturing and ICT industries as a share of GDP, by selected region/country:1992–2007
6-5	Macroeconomic indicators, by region/country/economy: 1992–2007
6-6	GDP per capita for developing economies: 1992–2007
6-7	GDP per employed person, by region/country/economy: 1992–2007
6-8	Indicators of ICT adoption and intensity: 2005
6-9	Global value added of knowledge- and technology-intensive industries: 1995–2007
6-10	Global value added of education and health services, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2007
6-11	Value added of commercial knowledge-intensive services, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2007
6-12	Global value added of commercial knowledge-intensive services, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2007
6-13	Value added of high-technology manufacturing industries, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2007
6-14	Global value added of selected high-technology manufacturing industries, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2007
6-15	Value added of ICT industries, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2007
6-16	Global production of high-technology manufacturing industries and exports of high-technology manufacturing products: 1995–2008
6-17	Distribution of global exports of high-technology products: 2008
6-18	Global exports of high-technology products, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2008
6-19	Region/country/economy share of global exports of selected hightechnology products: 1995–2008
6-20	Trade balance of high-technology and ICT products, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2008
6-21	United States', EU's, and Japan's imports of ICT products, by share of selected region/country/economy of origin: 1995–2008
6-22	China's imports of ICT products, by share of selected region/country/economy of origin: 1995–2008
6-23	Japan's exports of ICT products, by share of selected region/country/economy of destination: 1995–2008
6-24	Asia-9, Philippines, and Singapore's exports of ICT products, by share of selected region/country/economy of destination: 1995–2008
6-25	South Korea's, Malaysia's, and Taiwan's exports of ICT products, by share of selected region/country/economy of destination: 1995–2008
6-26	Asia-9's, Malaysia's, and Singapore's imports of ICT products, by share of selected region/country/economy of origin: 1995–2008
6-27	U.S. advanced technology product trade: 1992–2008
6-28	U.S. advanced technology product trade balance and trade-weighted exchange rate: 1992–2008
6-29	U.S. advanced technology product trade, by selected technology and region/country/economy: 2000–08
6-30	U.S. advanced technology product trade balance, by selected technology and region/country/economy: 2000–08
6-31	Advanced technology product share of U.S. merchandise trade, by region/country/economy: 2008
6-32	U.S. trade in commercial knowledge-intensive services: 1997–2007
6-33	U.S. trade balance of selected commercial knowledge-intensive services, by selected industry: 1992–2007
6-34	Globalization indicators of U.S. multinational corporations in commercial knowledge-intensive services: 1999 and 2006
6-35	Globalization indicators of U.S. multinational corporations in selected high-technology manufacturing industries: 1999 and 2006
6-36	U.S. share of output of U.S. ICT multinational corporations, by industry: 1999 and 2006
6-37	U.S. trade in intangible assets: 1992–2007
6-38	U.S. trade in industrial processes, by region/country/economy: 2007
6-39	Region/country/economy share of USPTO patent applications and grants: 1995–2008
6-40	USPTO patent grants, by selected technology area: 1995–2008
6-41	USPTO patents granted in information and communication technology, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2008
6-42	USPTO patents granted in selected technologies, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2008
6-43	Global triadic patent families, by selected region/country/economy: 1997–2006
6-44	Distribution of U.S. angel investment, by financing stage: 2002–08
6-45	U.S. venture capital investment, by share of investment stage: 1996–2008
6-46	U.S. angel and venture capital investment: 2001–08
6-47	U.S. angel capital investment, by selected technology areas: 2006–08
6-48	U.S. venture capital investment, by share of selected technology area: 1999–2008
6-49	World Bank Knowledge Economic Index, by selected region/country/economy: 1995 and 2005
6-A	Global apparent consumption of high-technology manufacturing industry output, by selected region/country/economy: 1995–2007
6-B	Components of value added and value capture
6-C	USPTO patents granted, by ownership type: 1992, 1999, and 2008

7. Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding

Figure	Title	Image	Data
7-1	Primary source of information, by use: 2008
7-2	Primary source of information about current events, science and technology, and specific scientific issues: 2001–08
7-3	Primary source of current news events and science and technology information: 2008
7-4	Public interest in selected issues: 2008
7-5	Public interest in selected science-related issues: 1979–2008
7-6	Network nightly news coverage of science and technology: 1988–2008
7-7	Attendance at informal science and other cultural institutions, by institution type and education level: 2008
7-8	Correct answers to factual knowledge of science questions: 1992–2008
7-9	Correct answers to nanotechnology questions, by factual knowledge of science: 2008
7-10	Correct answers to new factual knowledge questions, by trend factual knowledge questions: 2008
7-11	Correct answers to scientific literacy questions, by country/region: Most recent year
7-12	Correct answers to four questions testing concept of experiment/controlling variable, by sex: 2008
7-13	Public assessment of scientific research: 1979–2008
7-14	Public attitudes toward government funding of scientific research: Selected years, 1981–2008
7-15	Importance of scientific process, research credentials, and external validation to public's belief that something is scientific, by education level: 2006
7-16	Worry about quality of environment: 2001–08
7-17	Public priorities for environmental protection versus economic growth: 1984–2009
7-18	European attitudes towards energy production by nuclear power: 2008
7-19	Public attitudes toward stem cell research: 2001–08
7-20	Public attitudes toward education in America: Selected years, 1981–2008
7-21	Public attitudes toward conducting human health research that may inflict pain or injury to animals: Selected years, 1988–2008

8. State Indicators

Figure	Title	Image	Data
8-1	Average fourth grade mathematics performance: 2007
8-2	Students reaching proficiency in fourth grade mathematics: 2007
8-3	Average fourth grade science performance: 2005
8-4	Students reaching proficiency in fourth grade science: 2005
8-5	Average eighth grade mathematics performance: 2007
8-6	Students reaching proficiency in eighth grade mathematics: 2007
8-7	Average eighth grade science performance: 2005
8-8	Students reaching proficiency in eighth grade science: 2005
8-9	Public school teacher salaries: 2007
8-10	Elementary and secondary public school current expenditures as share of gross domestic product: 2007
8-11	Current expenditures per pupil for elementary and secondary public schools: 2007
8-12	Share of public high school students taking Advanced Placement Exams: 2008
8-13	Share of public high school students scoring 3 or higher on at least one Advanced Placement Exam: 2008
8-14	High school graduates or higher among individuals 25–44 years old: 2007
8-15	Bachelor's degrees conferred per 1,000 individuals 18–24 years old: 2007
8-16	Bachelor's degrees in natural sciences and engineering conferred per 1,000 individuals 18–24 years old: 2007
8-17	S&E degrees as share of higher education degrees conferred: 2007
8-18	Natural sciences and engineering degrees as share of higher education degrees conferred: 2007
8-19	S&E graduate students per 1,000 individuals 25–34 years old: 2007
8-20	Advanced S&E degrees as share of S&E degrees conferred: 2007
8-21	Advanced natural sciences and engineering degrees as share of natural sciences and engineering degrees conferred: 2007
8-22	Average undergraduate charge at public 4-year institutions: 2008
8-23	Average undergraduate charge at public 4-year institutions as share of disposable personal income: 2008
8-24	State expenditures on student aid per full-time undergraduate student: 2007
8-25	Associate's degree holders or higher among individuals 25–44 years old: 2007
8-26	Bachelor's degree holders or higher among individuals 25–44 years old: 2007
8-27	Bachelor's degree holders potentially in the workforce: 2007
8-28	Individuals in S&E occupations as share of workforce: 2008
8-29	Employed S&E doctorate holders as share of workforce: 2006
8-30	Engineers as share of workforce: 2008
8-31	Life and physical scientists as share of workforce: 2008
8-32	Computer specialists as share of workforce: 2008
8-33	R&D as share of gross domestic product: 2007
8-34	Federal R&D obligations per civilian worker: 2007
8-35	Federal R&D obligations per individual in S&E occupation: 2007
8-36	State agency R&D expenditures per $1 million of gross domestic product: 2007
8-37	State agency R&D expenditures per civilian worker: 2007
8-38	State agency R&D expenditures per individual in S&E occupation: 2007
8-39	Business-performed R&D as share of private-industry output: 2007
8-40	Academic R&D per $1,000 of gross domestic product: 2008
8-41	S&E doctorates conferred per 1,000 employed S&E doctorate holders: 2006
8-42	Academic S&E article output per 1,000 S&E doctorate holders in academia: 2008/06
8-43	Academic S&E article output per $1 million of academic R&D: 2008
8-44	Academic patents awarded per 1,000 S&E doctorate holders in academia: 2006
8-45	Patents awarded per 1,000 individuals in S&E occupations: 2008
8-46	High-technology share of all business establishments: 2006
8-47	Net high-technology business formations as share of all business establishments: 2006
8-48	Employment in high-technology establishments as share of total employment: 2006
8-49	Average annual federal SBIR funding per $1 million of gross domestic product: 2006–08
8-50	Venture capital disbursed per $1,000 of gross domestic product: 2008
8-51	Venture capital deals as share of high-technology business establishments: 2006
8-52	Venture capital disbursed per venture capital deal: 2008